Effects of prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin on gut-derived uremic toxins and disease progression in rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease

• Published in: PloS one 2021-10, Vol.16 (10), p.e0258145-e0258145
• Main Authors: Melekoglu, Ebru, Cetinkaya, M. Alper, Kepekci-Tekkeli, S. Evrim, Kul, Oguz, Samur, Gulhan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenine; Antibodies; Antioxidants; Biology and Life Sciences; Chronic kidney failure; Colon; Cytotoxicity; Development and progression; Diet; Diet therapy; Dietary fiber; Digestive system; Digestive tract; Drinking water; Dysbacteriosis; Enrichment; Enzymatic activity; Enzyme activity; Fermentation; Fructooligosaccharides; Fruits; Gastrointestinal tract; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Health aspects; Health sciences; Inflammation; Interleukin; Interleukins; Inulin; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Laboratory animals; Lymphocytes T; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Microbiota; Nutrition research; Oxidative stress; Oxygen; Permeability; Peroxidase; Physiological aspects; Prebiotics; Proteins; Reactive oxygen species; Subgroups; Sulfates; Superoxide dismutase; Toxins; Urea; Ureas
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258145

Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases gut-derived uremic toxins (GDUT) generation, leads to systemic inflammation, reactive oxygen species generation, and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation on GDUT levels, inflammatory and antioxidant parameters, renal damage, and intestinal barrier function in adenine-induced CKD rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (CTL, n = 12) fed with standard diet; and CKD group (n = 16) given adenine (200 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 3-weeks to induce CKD. At the 4th week, CKD rats were subdivided into prebiotic supplementation (5g/kg/day) for four consecutive weeks (CKD-Pre, n = 8). Also, the control group was subdivided into two subgroups; prebiotic supplemented (CTL-Pre, n = 6) and non-supplemented group (CTL, n = 6). Results showed that prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation did not significantly reduce serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) but did significantly reduce serum p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) (p = 0.002) in CKD rats. Prebiotic supplementation also reduced serum urea (p = 0.008) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels (p = 0.001), ameliorated renal injury, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p = 0.002) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p = 0.001) in renal tissues of CKD rats. No significant changes were observed in colonic epithelial tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin in the CKD-Pre group. In adenine-induced CKD rats, oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation resulted in a reduction in serum urea and PCS levels, enhancement of the antioxidant activity in the renal tissues, and retardation of the disease progression.