Exploration of physiological and biochemical processes of canola with exogenously applied fertilizers and plant growth regulators under drought stress

• Published in: PloS one 2021-12, Vol.16 (12), p.e0260960-e0260960
• Main Authors: Aslam, Muhammad Mahran, Farhat, Fozia, Siddiqui, Mohammad Aquil, Yasmeen, Shafquat, Khan, Muhammad Tahir, Sial, Mahboob Ali, Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Agricultural economics; Agricultural production; Agrochemicals; Antioxidants; Biochemistry; Biology and Life Sciences; Brassica; Brassica napus - chemistry; Brassica napus - drug effects; Brassica napus - physiology; Canola; Catalase; Chlorophyll; Crop yield; Crops; Crops, Agricultural - chemistry; Crops, Agricultural - drug effects; Crops, Agricultural - physiology; Drought; Droughts; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Environmental stress; Evaporation; Evaporation rate; Experiments; Fertilizers; Field tests; Gibberellic acid; Grain; Growth regulators; Indoleacetic acid; Influence; Leaf area; Leaf water; Leaves; Malondialdehyde; Membrane conductance; Membranes; Nitrogen; Nitrogen - metabolism; Nutritive value; Oilseeds; Pakistan; Peroxidase; Phosphorus; Phosphorus - metabolism; Physical Sciences; Physiology; Plant growth; Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology; Plant hormones; Polyphenol oxidase; Potassium; Potassium - metabolism; Proline; Properties; Proteins; Rape plants; Seeds; Soil fertility; Stability; Stability index; Stomata; Stomatal conductance; Stress, Physiological; Sugar; Superoxide dismutase; Water regimes; Water stress
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260960

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regimes (60, 100, 120, 150 mm evaporations). Water stress enhanced peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents as well as leaf temperature while substantially reduced leaf water contents (21%), stomatal conductance (50%), chlorophyll contents (10-67%), membrane stability index (24%) and grain yield (30%) of canola. However, the combined application of NPK and PGR further increased the enzymatic antioxidant pool, soluble sugars, along with recovery of leaf water contents, chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and membrane stability index but decreased the proline contents and leaf temperature at different rate of evaporation. There is positive interaction of applied elicitors to the water stress in canola except leaf area. The outcomes depicted that the combination of NPK with PGRs improved the various morpho-physiological as well as biochemical parameters and reduced the pressure of chemical fertilizers cost about 60%. It had also reduced the deleterious effect of water limitation on the physiology and grain yield and oil contents of canola in field experiments.