Proportion and seasonality of blood parasites in animals in Mosul using the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Lab data

• Published in: PloS one 2022-02, Vol.17 (2), p.e0264121-e0264121
• Main Authors: Alimam, Hussam M S, Moosa, Dhiyaa A, Ajaj, Eva A, Dahl, Mohammad O, Al-Robaiee, Israa A, Allah, Semaa F Hasab, Al-Jumaa, Zahraa M, Hadi, Eman D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Age factors; Anaplasma; Anaplasma - isolation & purification; Anaplasma - pathogenicity; Animals; Babesia; Babesia - isolation & purification; Babesia - pathogenicity; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood; Blood parasites; Cattle; Data retrieval; Diagnosis; Distribution; Dogs - parasitology; Hospitals, Animal - statistics & numerical data; Infection; Infections; Iraq; Laboratories; Livestock - parasitology; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mixed infection; Parasites; Preventive medicine; Protozoan Infections, Animal - blood; Protozoan Infections, Animal - epidemiology; Protozoan Infections, Animal - parasitology; Seasonal variations; Seasons; Sheep; Teaching hospitals; Theileria; Theileria - isolation & purification; Theileria - pathogenicity; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma - isolation & purification; Trypanosoma - pathogenicity; Veterinary colleges; Veterinary medicine; Winter
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264121

Several local studies have examined evidence of blood parasites in different animals in Mosul; however, information about the most prevalent parasite and the seasonality of the infection remains limited. The objective of the study conducted here was to investigate the proportion and seasonality of blood parasites in animals in Mosul using the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Lab data. Laboratory records for a period of 25 months were used for data retrieval. In all included animals, Giemsa-stained blood smears were examined by an attending clinical pathologist for the presence of parasites. Seasons were assigned on a basis of examination date, and the seasonality was quantified by estimating season-to-season ratio. The results indicated that 61.77% of examined animals were tested positive for blood parasites. The most evident parasites were Trypanosoma spp., Theileria spp., Babesia spp., and then Anaplasma spp., with evidence of mixed infection. The odds of the infection did not significantly vary in different age groups. There was a marked linear pattern in the seasonality of the infection with Trypanosoma spp. and Anaplasma spp. An increase of the infection during spring and autumn with Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. was also evident. In conclusion, infection with blood parasites in different animals in Mosul is common with substantial burden, the effect of age-related infection is negligible, and the seasonality of the infection is evident.