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No evidence for cold-adapted life-history traits in cool-climate populations of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina)
As an invasive organism spreads into a novel environment, it may encounter strong selective pressures to adapt to abiotic and biotic challenges. We examined the effect of water temperature during larval life on rates of survival and growth of the early life-history stages of cane toads (Rhinella mar...
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Published in: | PloS one 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0266708-e0266708 |
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description | As an invasive organism spreads into a novel environment, it may encounter strong selective pressures to adapt to abiotic and biotic challenges. We examined the effect of water temperature during larval life on rates of survival and growth of the early life-history stages of cane toads (Rhinella marina) from two geographic regions (tropical vs. temperate) in the species' invaded range in eastern Australia. If local adaptation at the southern (cool-climate) invasion front has extended the cold-tolerance of early life-stages, we would expect to see higher viability of southern-population toads under cooler conditions. Our comparisons revealed no such divergence: the effects of water temperature on rates of larval survival and growth, time to metamorphosis, size at metamorphosis and locomotor performance of metamorphs were similar in both sets of populations. In two cases where tropical and temperate-zone populations diverged in responses to temperature, the tropical animals performed better at low to medium temperatures than did conspecifics from cooler regions. Adaptation to low temperatures in the south might be constrained by behavioural shifts (e.g., in reproductive seasonality, spawning-site selection) that allow toads to breed in warmer water even in cool climates, by gene flow from warmer-climate populations, or by phylogenetic conservatism in these traits. |
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We examined the effect of water temperature during larval life on rates of survival and growth of the early life-history stages of cane toads (Rhinella marina) from two geographic regions (tropical vs. temperate) in the species' invaded range in eastern Australia. If local adaptation at the southern (cool-climate) invasion front has extended the cold-tolerance of early life-stages, we would expect to see higher viability of southern-population toads under cooler conditions. Our comparisons revealed no such divergence: the effects of water temperature on rates of larval survival and growth, time to metamorphosis, size at metamorphosis and locomotor performance of metamorphs were similar in both sets of populations. In two cases where tropical and temperate-zone populations diverged in responses to temperature, the tropical animals performed better at low to medium temperatures than did conspecifics from cooler regions. Adaptation to low temperatures in the south might be constrained by behavioural shifts (e.g., in reproductive seasonality, spawning-site selection) that allow toads to breed in warmer water even in cool climates, by gene flow from warmer-climate populations, or by phylogenetic conservatism in these traits.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266708</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35390099</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Animals ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bufo marinus - physiology ; Climate ; Climate and population ; Cold tolerance ; Conspecifics ; Divergence ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental science ; Gene flow ; Influence ; Introduced Species ; Laboratories ; Larva ; Life history ; Locomotor activity ; Low temperature ; Metamorphosis ; Nonnative species ; People and Places ; Phylogeny ; Populations ; Rhinella marina ; Seasonal variations ; Site selection ; Spawning ; Success ; Survival ; Temperature effects ; Toads ; Water ; Water temperature</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0266708-e0266708</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Wijethunga et al. 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We examined the effect of water temperature during larval life on rates of survival and growth of the early life-history stages of cane toads (Rhinella marina) from two geographic regions (tropical vs. temperate) in the species' invaded range in eastern Australia. If local adaptation at the southern (cool-climate) invasion front has extended the cold-tolerance of early life-stages, we would expect to see higher viability of southern-population toads under cooler conditions. Our comparisons revealed no such divergence: the effects of water temperature on rates of larval survival and growth, time to metamorphosis, size at metamorphosis and locomotor performance of metamorphs were similar in both sets of populations. In two cases where tropical and temperate-zone populations diverged in responses to temperature, the tropical animals performed better at low to medium temperatures than did conspecifics from cooler regions. 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We examined the effect of water temperature during larval life on rates of survival and growth of the early life-history stages of cane toads (Rhinella marina) from two geographic regions (tropical vs. temperate) in the species' invaded range in eastern Australia. If local adaptation at the southern (cool-climate) invasion front has extended the cold-tolerance of early life-stages, we would expect to see higher viability of southern-population toads under cooler conditions. Our comparisons revealed no such divergence: the effects of water temperature on rates of larval survival and growth, time to metamorphosis, size at metamorphosis and locomotor performance of metamorphs were similar in both sets of populations. In two cases where tropical and temperate-zone populations diverged in responses to temperature, the tropical animals performed better at low to medium temperatures than did conspecifics from cooler regions. Adaptation to low temperatures in the south might be constrained by behavioural shifts (e.g., in reproductive seasonality, spawning-site selection) that allow toads to breed in warmer water even in cool climates, by gene flow from warmer-climate populations, or by phylogenetic conservatism in these traits.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35390099</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0266708</doi><tpages>e0266708</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-5657</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adaptation Animals Biology and Life Sciences Bufo marinus - physiology Climate Climate and population Cold tolerance Conspecifics Divergence Environmental conditions Environmental science Gene flow Influence Introduced Species Laboratories Larva Life history Locomotor activity Low temperature Metamorphosis Nonnative species People and Places Phylogeny Populations Rhinella marina Seasonal variations Site selection Spawning Success Survival Temperature effects Toads Water Water temperature |
title | No evidence for cold-adapted life-history traits in cool-climate populations of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) |
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