Morphology of foveal hypoplasia: Hyporeflective zones in the Henle fiber layer of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia

Foveal hypoplasia is characterized by the persistance of inner retinal layers at the macular center. We evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) morphological parameters of the macular center of eyes with foveal hypoplasia and describe the presence of hyporeflective zone...

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Published in:PloS one 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0266968-e0266968
Main Authors: Bringmann, Andreas, Barth, Thomas, Ziemssen, Focke
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acuity
Albinism
Angiography
Biology and Life Sciences
Causes of
Correlation
Development and progression
Eye
Eye (anatomy)
Humans
Hypoplasia
Medical imaging
Medicine and Health Sciences
Morphology
Ophthalmology
Optical Coherence Tomography
Photoreceptors
Physical Sciences
Physiological aspects
Populations
Reflectance
Retina
Retinal diseases
Social Sciences
Thickness
Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods
Visual Acuity
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description Foveal hypoplasia is characterized by the persistance of inner retinal layers at the macular center. We evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) morphological parameters of the macular center of eyes with foveal hypoplasia and describe the presence of hyporeflective zones in the Henle fiber layer (HFL) of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia. Eyes with foveal hypoplasia were classified into two groups: high-grade foveal hypoplasia with thick inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness above 100 μm; 16 eyes of 9 subjects) and low-grade foveal hypoplasia with thinner inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness below 100 μm; 25 eyes of 13 subjects). As comparison, SD-OCT images of normal control eyes (n = 75) were investigated. Eyes with foveal hypoplasia displayed shorter central photoreceptor outer segments (POS), a thinner central myoid zone, and a thicker central HFL compared to control eyes. Eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia also displayed a thinner central outer nuclear layer (ONL) compared to eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. There was a negative correlation between the thicknesses of the central ONL and HFL in eyes with foveal hypoplasia; however, the total thickness of both ONL and HFL was similar in all eye populations investigated. Visual acuity of subjects with foveal hypoplasia was negatively correlated to the thickness of the central inner retinal layers and positively correlated to the length of central POS. In contrast to central POS, the length of paracentral POS (0.5 and 1.0 mm nasal from the macular center) was not different between the three eye populations investigated. The paracentral ONL was thickest in eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia and thinnest in control eyes. Hyporeflective zones in the HFL were observed on SD-OCT images of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia, but not of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. OCT angiography images recorded at the level of the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia showed concentric rings of different reflectivity around the macular center; such rings were not observed on images of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. It is suggested that the hyporeflective zones in the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia represent cystoid spaces which are surrounded by Henle fiber bundles. Cystoid spaces are likely formed because there are fewer Henle fibers and a thinner cen
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We evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) morphological parameters of the macular center of eyes with foveal hypoplasia and describe the presence of hyporeflective zones in the Henle fiber layer (HFL) of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia. Eyes with foveal hypoplasia were classified into two groups: high-grade foveal hypoplasia with thick inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness above 100 μm; 16 eyes of 9 subjects) and low-grade foveal hypoplasia with thinner inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness below 100 μm; 25 eyes of 13 subjects). As comparison, SD-OCT images of normal control eyes (n = 75) were investigated. Eyes with foveal hypoplasia displayed shorter central photoreceptor outer segments (POS), a thinner central myoid zone, and a thicker central HFL compared to control eyes. Eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia also displayed a thinner central outer nuclear layer (ONL) compared to eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. There was a negative correlation between the thicknesses of the central ONL and HFL in eyes with foveal hypoplasia; however, the total thickness of both ONL and HFL was similar in all eye populations investigated. Visual acuity of subjects with foveal hypoplasia was negatively correlated to the thickness of the central inner retinal layers and positively correlated to the length of central POS. In contrast to central POS, the length of paracentral POS (0.5 and 1.0 mm nasal from the macular center) was not different between the three eye populations investigated. The paracentral ONL was thickest in eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia and thinnest in control eyes. Hyporeflective zones in the HFL were observed on SD-OCT images of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia, but not of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. OCT angiography images recorded at the level of the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia showed concentric rings of different reflectivity around the macular center; such rings were not observed on images of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. It is suggested that the hyporeflective zones in the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia represent cystoid spaces which are surrounded by Henle fiber bundles. Cystoid spaces are likely formed because there are fewer Henle fibers and a thinner central ONL despite an unchanged thickness of both ONL and HFL. 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Eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia also displayed a thinner central outer nuclear layer (ONL) compared to eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. There was a negative correlation between the thicknesses of the central ONL and HFL in eyes with foveal hypoplasia; however, the total thickness of both ONL and HFL was similar in all eye populations investigated. Visual acuity of subjects with foveal hypoplasia was negatively correlated to the thickness of the central inner retinal layers and positively correlated to the length of central POS. In contrast to central POS, the length of paracentral POS (0.5 and 1.0 mm nasal from the macular center) was not different between the three eye populations investigated. The paracentral ONL was thickest in eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia and thinnest in control eyes. 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We evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) morphological parameters of the macular center of eyes with foveal hypoplasia and describe the presence of hyporeflective zones in the Henle fiber layer (HFL) of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia. Eyes with foveal hypoplasia were classified into two groups: high-grade foveal hypoplasia with thick inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness above 100 μm; 16 eyes of 9 subjects) and low-grade foveal hypoplasia with thinner inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness below 100 μm; 25 eyes of 13 subjects). As comparison, SD-OCT images of normal control eyes (n = 75) were investigated. Eyes with foveal hypoplasia displayed shorter central photoreceptor outer segments (POS), a thinner central myoid zone, and a thicker central HFL compared to control eyes. Eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia also displayed a thinner central outer nuclear layer (ONL) compared to eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. There was a negative correlation between the thicknesses of the central ONL and HFL in eyes with foveal hypoplasia; however, the total thickness of both ONL and HFL was similar in all eye populations investigated. Visual acuity of subjects with foveal hypoplasia was negatively correlated to the thickness of the central inner retinal layers and positively correlated to the length of central POS. In contrast to central POS, the length of paracentral POS (0.5 and 1.0 mm nasal from the macular center) was not different between the three eye populations investigated. The paracentral ONL was thickest in eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia and thinnest in control eyes. Hyporeflective zones in the HFL were observed on SD-OCT images of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia, but not of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. OCT angiography images recorded at the level of the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia showed concentric rings of different reflectivity around the macular center; such rings were not observed on images of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. It is suggested that the hyporeflective zones in the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia represent cystoid spaces which are surrounded by Henle fiber bundles. Cystoid spaces are likely formed because there are fewer Henle fibers and a thinner central ONL despite an unchanged thickness of both ONL and HFL. Cystoid spaces may cause the concentric rings of different reflectivity around the macular center in the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35417487</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0266968</doi><tpages>e0266968</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-8041</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-0581</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
recordid cdi_plos_journals_2649985171
source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central
subjects Acuity
Albinism
Angiography
Biology and Life Sciences
Causes of
Correlation
Development and progression
Eye
Eye (anatomy)
Humans
Hypoplasia
Medical imaging
Medicine and Health Sciences
Morphology
Ophthalmology
Optical Coherence Tomography
Photoreceptors
Physical Sciences
Physiological aspects
Populations
Reflectance
Retina
Retinal diseases
Social Sciences
Thickness
Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods
Visual Acuity
title Morphology of foveal hypoplasia: Hyporeflective zones in the Henle fiber layer of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia
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