Retrospective study of factors associated with late detection of oral cancer in alberta: A qualitative study

• Published in: PloS one 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0266558
• Main Authors: Badri, Parvaneh, Baracos, Vickie, Ganatra, Seema, Lai, Hollis, Samim, Firoozeh, Amin, Maryam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alberta - epidemiology; Biology and Life Sciences; Cancer; Curricula; Dentistry; Diagnosis; Ethics; Health Behavior; Health care; Health services; Humans; Medical diagnosis; Medical prognosis; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mouth cancer; Mouth Neoplasms - diagnosis; Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology; Oncology; Oral cancer; Oropharyngeal cancer; Patients; People and Places; Public awareness; Qualitative Research; Retrospective Studies; Sampling methods; Socioeconomic factors; Throat cancer; Tumors
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266558

Oral cancer continues to be diagnosed in advanced stages, giving patients lower chances of survival. The objective of this study was to explore reasons for delayed diagnosis of oral cancer in Alberta. A retrospective qualitative design was implemented through seven steps suggested for conducting a narrative clinical document. Data was retrieved from the Alberta Cancer Registry database between 2005 and 2017. A sample of initial consultation notes (ICN) of oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients were identified through a purposeful sampling method and added to the study until saturation was achieved. A deductive analysis approach inspired by the model pathways to treatment health care provider (HCP) was employed. From the 34 ICN included in our analysis, five main categories were identified: appraisal interval, help-seeking interval, diagnosis interval, pre-treatment interval, and other contributing factors such as health-related behaviours, system delay, and tumor characteristics. These factors negatively contributed to early detection of oral and oropharyngeal cancers and affect treatment wait time with patients, providers, and the healthcare system. Patient's lack of awareness, provider's oversight and prolonged access to care were the main reasons of delay in cancer diagnosis and management in our study. A sustainable plan for public awareness interventions and implementation of a solid curriculum for medical and dental students is needed to enhance their related knowledge, competence in clinical judgement, and treatment managements.