Efficacy of laparotomy sponges to reduce bacterial contamination using an in vitro gastrointestinal surgery model

Use of laparotomy sponges to protect abdominal viscera during gastrointestinal surgery is described in nonspecific terms by various sources, but no definitive guidelines have been established in veterinary literature. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of various layer-...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0267293-e0267293
Main Authors: Bezhentseva, Alla, St Germaine, Lindsay L, Hoffmann, Daniel E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdomen
Agar
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Biology and Life Sciences
Biopsy
Blood
Colonization
Contaminants
Contamination
Density
Digestive System Surgical Procedures
E coli
Emergency services
Escherichia coli
Exposure
Inoculum
Laboratory animals
Laparotomy
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Patient outcomes
Peritonitis
Physical Sciences
Plates
Sponges
Statistical analysis
Surgery
Viscera
Water
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-e9ae9835cad23671e40d2c7fa516e2dc7797d13da97ab676b2fd4d57f8f5e7c53
container_end_page e0267293
container_issue 4
container_start_page e0267293
container_title PloS one
container_volume 17
creator Bezhentseva, Alla
St Germaine, Lindsay L
Hoffmann, Daniel E
description Use of laparotomy sponges to protect abdominal viscera during gastrointestinal surgery is described in nonspecific terms by various sources, but no definitive guidelines have been established in veterinary literature. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of various layer-densities of laparotomy sponges at reducing bacterial contamination from multiple contaminant volumes during multiple exposure times. A standardized Escherichia coli inoculum water solution was applied over sterile laparotomy sponges overlying blood agar plates. Four laparotomy sponge layer-densities, 4 volumes of E. coli inoculum water solution, and 4 exposure times were evaluated. All blood agar plates were incubated for 48 hours followed by surface area measurements of colonization of each blood agar plate at 24 and 48 hours. The procedure was repeated thrice. Bacterial colonization occurred on 100% (192/192) of inoculated blood agar plates. There was a statistically significant decrease in colonized area with increasing layer-density of laparotomy sponges (P
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0267293
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2657315387</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A702014487</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_243fafe51a78484daad3d07459bf21f9</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A702014487</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-e9ae9835cad23671e40d2c7fa516e2dc7797d13da97ab676b2fd4d57f8f5e7c53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk11rHCEUhofS0qRp_0FphUJpL3Y76sy4c1MIIW0DgUC_buWsHicGRzfqhO6_r7vZhGzJRfFC0ee8R9_jqarXtJ5TLuinqzBFD26-Ch7nNesE6_mT6pD2nM06VvOnD9YH1YuUruq65Yuue14d8LYpCyoOq-tTY6wCtSbBEAcriCGHcU1SkR0wkRxIRD0pJEtQGaMFR1TwGUbrIdvgyZSsHwh4Yj25sTkGMkAqk_UZUy6UI2mKA8Y1GYNG97J6ZsAlfLWbj6pfX05_nnybnV98PTs5Pp-prqF5hj1gv-CtAs14Jyg2tWZKGGhph0wrIXqhKdfQC1h2olsyoxvdCrMwLQrV8qPq7a3uyoUkd24lybpWcFqMEIU4uyV0gCu5inaEuJYBrNxuhDhIiNkqh5I13IDBloJYNItGA2iua9G0_dIwavqi9XmXbVqOqBX6HMHtie6feHsph3Aj-1KUolkEPuwEYrieinNytEmhc-AxTNt7LxjrGkEL-u4f9PHX7agBygOsN6HkVRtReSxqVtOm2VLzR6gyNI62FBqNLft7AR_3AjafAf_kAaaU5NmP7__PXvzeZ98_YC8RXL5MwU2bP5b2weYWVDGkFNHcm0xruemMOzfkpjPkrjNK2JuHBboPumsF_hdlhQta</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2657315387</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Efficacy of laparotomy sponges to reduce bacterial contamination using an in vitro gastrointestinal surgery model</title><source>PubMed Central Free</source><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><creator>Bezhentseva, Alla ; St Germaine, Lindsay L ; Hoffmann, Daniel E</creator><contributor>Staley, Christopher</contributor><creatorcontrib>Bezhentseva, Alla ; St Germaine, Lindsay L ; Hoffmann, Daniel E ; Staley, Christopher</creatorcontrib><description>Use of laparotomy sponges to protect abdominal viscera during gastrointestinal surgery is described in nonspecific terms by various sources, but no definitive guidelines have been established in veterinary literature. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of various layer-densities of laparotomy sponges at reducing bacterial contamination from multiple contaminant volumes during multiple exposure times. A standardized Escherichia coli inoculum water solution was applied over sterile laparotomy sponges overlying blood agar plates. Four laparotomy sponge layer-densities, 4 volumes of E. coli inoculum water solution, and 4 exposure times were evaluated. All blood agar plates were incubated for 48 hours followed by surface area measurements of colonization of each blood agar plate at 24 and 48 hours. The procedure was repeated thrice. Bacterial colonization occurred on 100% (192/192) of inoculated blood agar plates. There was a statistically significant decrease in colonized area with increasing layer-density of laparotomy sponges (P&lt;0.0001). Comparison between the layer-density of sponges were statistically significant in resulting infected area (P&lt;0.01), except comparison between 6- and 8-layers (P = 0.9490). Colonized area was not significantly altered by time of exposure. Results suggested that increasing the layer-density of laparotomy sponges has significant effect on reducing strikethrough bacterial colonization in an in vitro model. The results of this study can be used when performing gastrointestinal surgery to help guide laparotomy sponge use to reduce peritoneal bacterial contamination.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267293</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35486617</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abdomen ; Agar ; Antibiotics ; Bacteria ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biopsy ; Blood ; Colonization ; Contaminants ; Contamination ; Density ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; E coli ; Emergency services ; Escherichia coli ; Exposure ; Inoculum ; Laboratory animals ; Laparotomy ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Patient outcomes ; Peritonitis ; Physical Sciences ; Plates ; Sponges ; Statistical analysis ; Surgery ; Viscera ; Water</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0267293-e0267293</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2022 Bezhentseva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 Bezhentseva et al 2022 Bezhentseva et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-e9ae9835cad23671e40d2c7fa516e2dc7797d13da97ab676b2fd4d57f8f5e7c53</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5244-0612</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2657315387/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2657315387?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35486617$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Staley, Christopher</contributor><creatorcontrib>Bezhentseva, Alla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>St Germaine, Lindsay L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffmann, Daniel E</creatorcontrib><title>Efficacy of laparotomy sponges to reduce bacterial contamination using an in vitro gastrointestinal surgery model</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Use of laparotomy sponges to protect abdominal viscera during gastrointestinal surgery is described in nonspecific terms by various sources, but no definitive guidelines have been established in veterinary literature. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of various layer-densities of laparotomy sponges at reducing bacterial contamination from multiple contaminant volumes during multiple exposure times. A standardized Escherichia coli inoculum water solution was applied over sterile laparotomy sponges overlying blood agar plates. Four laparotomy sponge layer-densities, 4 volumes of E. coli inoculum water solution, and 4 exposure times were evaluated. All blood agar plates were incubated for 48 hours followed by surface area measurements of colonization of each blood agar plate at 24 and 48 hours. The procedure was repeated thrice. Bacterial colonization occurred on 100% (192/192) of inoculated blood agar plates. There was a statistically significant decrease in colonized area with increasing layer-density of laparotomy sponges (P&lt;0.0001). Comparison between the layer-density of sponges were statistically significant in resulting infected area (P&lt;0.01), except comparison between 6- and 8-layers (P = 0.9490). Colonized area was not significantly altered by time of exposure. Results suggested that increasing the layer-density of laparotomy sponges has significant effect on reducing strikethrough bacterial colonization in an in vitro model. The results of this study can be used when performing gastrointestinal surgery to help guide laparotomy sponge use to reduce peritoneal bacterial contamination.</description><subject>Abdomen</subject><subject>Agar</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Colonization</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Digestive System Surgical Procedures</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Emergency services</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Inoculum</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Laparotomy</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Peritonitis</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plates</subject><subject>Sponges</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Viscera</subject><subject>Water</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11rHCEUhofS0qRp_0FphUJpL3Y76sy4c1MIIW0DgUC_buWsHicGRzfqhO6_r7vZhGzJRfFC0ee8R9_jqarXtJ5TLuinqzBFD26-Ch7nNesE6_mT6pD2nM06VvOnD9YH1YuUruq65Yuue14d8LYpCyoOq-tTY6wCtSbBEAcriCGHcU1SkR0wkRxIRD0pJEtQGaMFR1TwGUbrIdvgyZSsHwh4Yj25sTkGMkAqk_UZUy6UI2mKA8Y1GYNG97J6ZsAlfLWbj6pfX05_nnybnV98PTs5Pp-prqF5hj1gv-CtAs14Jyg2tWZKGGhph0wrIXqhKdfQC1h2olsyoxvdCrMwLQrV8qPq7a3uyoUkd24lybpWcFqMEIU4uyV0gCu5inaEuJYBrNxuhDhIiNkqh5I13IDBloJYNItGA2iua9G0_dIwavqi9XmXbVqOqBX6HMHtie6feHsph3Aj-1KUolkEPuwEYrieinNytEmhc-AxTNt7LxjrGkEL-u4f9PHX7agBygOsN6HkVRtReSxqVtOm2VLzR6gyNI62FBqNLft7AR_3AjafAf_kAaaU5NmP7__PXvzeZ98_YC8RXL5MwU2bP5b2weYWVDGkFNHcm0xruemMOzfkpjPkrjNK2JuHBboPumsF_hdlhQta</recordid><startdate>20220429</startdate><enddate>20220429</enddate><creator>Bezhentseva, Alla</creator><creator>St Germaine, Lindsay L</creator><creator>Hoffmann, Daniel E</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-0612</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220429</creationdate><title>Efficacy of laparotomy sponges to reduce bacterial contamination using an in vitro gastrointestinal surgery model</title><author>Bezhentseva, Alla ; St Germaine, Lindsay L ; Hoffmann, Daniel E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-e9ae9835cad23671e40d2c7fa516e2dc7797d13da97ab676b2fd4d57f8f5e7c53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Abdomen</topic><topic>Agar</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biopsy</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Colonization</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Digestive System Surgical Procedures</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Emergency services</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Inoculum</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Laparotomy</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Patient outcomes</topic><topic>Peritonitis</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Plates</topic><topic>Sponges</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Viscera</topic><topic>Water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bezhentseva, Alla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>St Germaine, Lindsay L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffmann, Daniel E</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Science in Context</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bezhentseva, Alla</au><au>St Germaine, Lindsay L</au><au>Hoffmann, Daniel E</au><au>Staley, Christopher</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Efficacy of laparotomy sponges to reduce bacterial contamination using an in vitro gastrointestinal surgery model</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2022-04-29</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0267293</spage><epage>e0267293</epage><pages>e0267293-e0267293</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Use of laparotomy sponges to protect abdominal viscera during gastrointestinal surgery is described in nonspecific terms by various sources, but no definitive guidelines have been established in veterinary literature. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of various layer-densities of laparotomy sponges at reducing bacterial contamination from multiple contaminant volumes during multiple exposure times. A standardized Escherichia coli inoculum water solution was applied over sterile laparotomy sponges overlying blood agar plates. Four laparotomy sponge layer-densities, 4 volumes of E. coli inoculum water solution, and 4 exposure times were evaluated. All blood agar plates were incubated for 48 hours followed by surface area measurements of colonization of each blood agar plate at 24 and 48 hours. The procedure was repeated thrice. Bacterial colonization occurred on 100% (192/192) of inoculated blood agar plates. There was a statistically significant decrease in colonized area with increasing layer-density of laparotomy sponges (P&lt;0.0001). Comparison between the layer-density of sponges were statistically significant in resulting infected area (P&lt;0.01), except comparison between 6- and 8-layers (P = 0.9490). Colonized area was not significantly altered by time of exposure. Results suggested that increasing the layer-density of laparotomy sponges has significant effect on reducing strikethrough bacterial colonization in an in vitro model. The results of this study can be used when performing gastrointestinal surgery to help guide laparotomy sponge use to reduce peritoneal bacterial contamination.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>35486617</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0267293</doi><tpages>e0267293</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-0612</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
ispartof PloS one, 2022-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e0267293-e0267293
issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
recordid cdi_plos_journals_2657315387
source PubMed Central Free; Publicly Available Content Database
subjects Abdomen
Agar
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Biology and Life Sciences
Biopsy
Blood
Colonization
Contaminants
Contamination
Density
Digestive System Surgical Procedures
E coli
Emergency services
Escherichia coli
Exposure
Inoculum
Laboratory animals
Laparotomy
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Patient outcomes
Peritonitis
Physical Sciences
Plates
Sponges
Statistical analysis
Surgery
Viscera
Water
title Efficacy of laparotomy sponges to reduce bacterial contamination using an in vitro gastrointestinal surgery model
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-03T00%3A52%3A19IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Efficacy%20of%20laparotomy%20sponges%20to%20reduce%20bacterial%20contamination%20using%20an%20in%20vitro%20gastrointestinal%20surgery%20model&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Bezhentseva,%20Alla&rft.date=2022-04-29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e0267293&rft.epage=e0267293&rft.pages=e0267293-e0267293&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0267293&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA702014487%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c641t-e9ae9835cad23671e40d2c7fa516e2dc7797d13da97ab676b2fd4d57f8f5e7c53%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2657315387&rft_id=info:pmid/35486617&rft_galeid=A702014487&rfr_iscdi=true