Head rotation improves airway obstruction, especially in patients with less severe obstructive sleep apnea without oropharyngeal collapse

• Published in: PloS one 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268455-e0268455
• Main Authors: Tan, Shi Nee, Kim, Jong-Min, Kim, Jisun, Sung, Chung Man, Kim, Hong Chan, Lee, Jongho, Lim, Sang Chul, White, David P, Yang, Hyung Chae, Wellman, D Andrew
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Airway management; Airway obstruction (Medicine); Anesthesia; Apnea; Biology and Life Sciences; Body mass; Body mass index; Body size; Care and treatment; Diagnosis; Electrocardiography; Endoscopy; Epiglottis; Head; Head movement; Management; Medicine and Health Sciences; Multivariate analysis; Oxygen saturation; Palate; Patients; Physical Sciences; Population studies; Respiratory tract; Sleep; Sleep apnea; Sleep apnea syndromes; Sleep disorders; Supine position; Tertiary; Tongue
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268455

Head rotation is thought to have an effect on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. However, keeping the head rotated fully during sleep is difficult to maintain, and the effect of head rotation is not the same in all OSA patients. Thus, this study aimed to identify whether less head rotation has an effect on airway patency and determine the responder characteristics to the head rotation maneuver (HRM). We recruited 221 patients who underwent overnight polysomnography and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in a tertiary hospital from June 2019 to July 2020. Airway patency and the site of airway collapse were determined in the supine position with the head at 0, 30, and 60 degrees of rotation (HRM0°, HRM30°, and HRM60°, respectively) during DISE. The site of collapse was determined using the VOTE classification system: the velum (palate), oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue base, and epiglottis. Each structure was labeled as 0, 1, or 2 (patent, partially obstructed, and completely obstructed, respectively). Airway response to the HRM30° and 60° and the clinical characteristics associated with airway opening were analyzed. The study population had a median age of 52 (25-61) years, a body mass index of 26.7(24.6-29.4) kg/m2, and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 28.2(13.7-71.9) events/h. HRM influenced airway patency positively not only with HRM60° (p