Protection provided by vaccination, booster doses and previous infection against covid-19 infection, hospitalisation or death over time in Czechia

Studies demonstrating the waning of post-vaccination and post-infection immunity against covid-19 generally analyzed a limited range of vaccines or subsets of populations. Using Czech national health data from the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic till November 20, 2021 we estimated the risks of re...

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Published in:PloS one 2022-07, Vol.17 (7), p.e0270801-e0270801
Main Authors: Berec, Ludek, Smíd, Martin, Pribylová, Lenka, Májek, Ondrej, Pavlík, Tomás, Jarkovský, Jirí, Zajícek, Milan, Weiner, Jakub, Barusová, Tamara, Trnka, Jan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Biology and Life Sciences
Control
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Czech Republic
Death
Epidemics
Hospital care
Hospitals
Immunity
Infections
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mortality
mRNA
mRNA vaccines
Pandemics
Patient outcomes
People and places
Population
Public health
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Vaccine efficacy
Vaccines
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Summary:Studies demonstrating the waning of post-vaccination and post-infection immunity against covid-19 generally analyzed a limited range of vaccines or subsets of populations. Using Czech national health data from the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic till November 20, 2021 we estimated the risks of reinfection, breakthrough infection, hospitalization and death by a Cox regression adjusted for sex, age, vaccine type and vaccination status. Vaccine effectiveness against infection declined from 87% at 0-2 months after the second dose to 53% at 7-8 months for BNT162b2 vaccine, from 90% at 0-2 months to 65% at 7-8 months for mRNA-1273, and from 83% at 0-2 months to 55% at 5-6 months for the ChAdOx1-S. Effectiveness against hospitalization and deaths declined by about 15% and 10%, respectively, during the first 6-8 months. Boosters (third dose) returned the protection to the levels observed shortly after dose 2. In unvaccinated, previously infected individuals the protection against infection declined from 97% after 2 months to 72% at 18 months. Our results confirm the waning of vaccination-induced immunity against infection and a smaller decline in the protection against hospitalization and death. Boosting restores the original vaccine effectiveness. Post-infection immunity also decreases over time.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0270801