Social media shines light on the "hidden" impact of nighttime guided-gigging charters on Texas' Southern Flounder fishery: A stab in the dark

• Published in: PloS one 2022-06, Vol.17 (6), p.e0269397-e0269397
• Main Authors: Hall, Quentin A, Coffey, Daniel M, Streich, Matthew K, Fisher, Mark R, Stunz, Gregory W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biology and Life Sciences; Boats; Charters; Commercial fishing; Computer and Information Sciences; Daylight; Digital media; Earth Sciences; Engineering and Technology; Environmental aspects; Estimates; Fisheries; Fisheries management; Fishing; Flounder; High pressure; Methods; Night; Nighttime; People and places; Population; Privacy; Recreation; Small game hunting; Social media; Social networks; Social Sciences; Surveys; Water temperature
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269397

Southern Flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) populations are declining in the Gulf of Mexico basin. This is particularly true in Texas, where this unique and culturally important fishery has been in decline since the 1980s despite increasingly stringent regulatory measures. Current angler-intercept creel surveys used to estimate recreational flounder harvest levels are conducted during daylight hours and do not account for the high levels of nighttime flounder gigging (spearing) activity, a popular and efficient harvest method for this fishery. There are legitimate scientific and logistical concerns that have prevented the use of wide-spread nighttime creel surveys to monitor the flounder gigging fishery in the past, however this has made accurate catch and effort estimates difficult to obtain. Given the concern about this economically important fishery's status, we adopted a unique approach utilizing social media to provide unprecedented information into this fishery's impact during periods that are not traditionally monitored. Specifically, we reconstructed seasonal flounder harvest and effort metrics stemming from the nighttime recreational guided flounder gigging sector over 2.6 years using guided flounder gigging charter photo archives publicly available through Facebook. These metrics show large average client party sizes, large trip harvests, and near-perfect bag limit efficiencies. Temporal trends indicated peak recreational guided flounder gigging effort and harvest occurs during the summer months, a time not traditionally associated with flounder gigging. The addition of nighttime guided-gigging recreational harvest estimates from this study to traditional daytime harvest estimates and commercial harvest estimates resulted in total annual harvest estimates nearly two times greater than current estimates. Overall, this study demonstrates the high pressure guided-gigging charters are placing on Texas' flounder fishery and illustrates the critical need for additional information on the nighttime recreational flounder fishery for both guided and private gigging anglers. Moreover, our results also demonstrate the usefulness of mining social media platforms to capture catch and effort data that are otherwise unavailable.