Have beliefs in conspiracy theories increased over time?

The public is convinced that beliefs in conspiracy theories are increasing, and many scholars, journalists, and policymakers agree. Given the associations between conspiracy theories and many non-normative tendencies, lawmakers have called for policies to address these increases. However, little evi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2022-07, Vol.17 (7), p.e0270429-e0270429
Main Authors: Uscinski, Joseph, Enders, Adam, Klofstad, Casey, Seelig, Michelle, Drochon, Hugo, Premaratne, Kamal, Murthi, Manohar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Computer and Information Sciences
Conspiracy
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Hypotheses
Influence
Internet access
Journalists
Mass murders
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Physical Sciences
Politics
Research and Analysis Methods
Social media
Social networks
Social Sciences
Trends
Trump, Donald J
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Summary:The public is convinced that beliefs in conspiracy theories are increasing, and many scholars, journalists, and policymakers agree. Given the associations between conspiracy theories and many non-normative tendencies, lawmakers have called for policies to address these increases. However, little evidence has been provided to demonstrate that beliefs in conspiracy theories have, in fact, increased over time. We address this evidentiary gap. Study 1 investigates change in the proportion of Americans believing 46 conspiracy theories; our observations in some instances span half a century. Study 2 examines change in the proportion of individuals across six European countries believing six conspiracy theories. Study 3 traces beliefs about which groups are conspiring against “us,” while Study 4 tracks generalized conspiracy thinking in the U.S. from 2012 to 2021. In no instance do we observe systematic evidence for an increase in conspiracism, however operationalized. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of our findings.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0270429