Association between coronary artery calcium and all-cause mortality: A large single-center retrospective cohort study

• Published in: PloS one 2022-10, Vol.17 (10), p.e0276659-e0276659
• Main Authors: Wang, Mu-Cyun, Lin, Che-Chen, Chiang, Hsiu-Yin, Chen, Hung-Lin, Tsai, Hsiu-Chen, Lin, Wen-Yuan, Ho, Hung-Chi, Kuo, Chin-Chi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arteriosclerosis; Asymptomatic; Big Data; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Calcification; Calcification (ectopic); Calcium; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Care and treatment; Cohort analysis; Comorbidity; Complications and side effects; Computed tomography; Computer centers; Confidence intervals; Coronary artery; Coronary artery disease; Coronary vessels; Creatinine; Death; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diagnosis; Health care facilities; Health hazards; Health risks; Heart diseases; Hypertension; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mortality; Obesity; Older people; Patients; Prevention; Research and Analysis Methods; Risk assessment; Risk factors; Statistical analysis; Subgroups; Tertiary; Tomography; Vein & artery diseases
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276659

Previous studies have revealed that coronary artery calcium is related to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. However, most studies have been conducted in Western countries and have excluded patients with pre-existing heart disease. We investigated the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and all-cause mortality in an Asian cohort and in subgroups stratified by age, sex, smoking, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 4529 health examinees who underwent multidetector computed tomography in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan between 2011 and 2016. The mean follow-up was 3.5 years. Cox regression was used to estimate the relative hazards of death. Stratified analyses were performed. The all-cause mortality rates were 2.94, 4.88, 17.6, and 33.1 per 1000 person-years for CAC scores of 0, 1-100, 101-400, and >400, respectively. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for all-cause mortality were 0.95 (0.53, 1.72), 1.87 (0.89, 3.90), and 3.05 (1.46, 6.39) for CAC scores of 1-100, 101-400, and >400, respectively, relative to a CAC score of 0. Compared with CAC [less than or equal to] 400, the HRs (95% CIs) for CAC > 400 were 6.46 (2.44, 17.15) and 1.94 (1.00, 3.76) in younger and older adults, respectively, indicating that age was a moderating variable (p = 0.02). High CAC scores were associated with increased all-cause mortality. Although older adult patients had higher risks of death, the relative risk of death for patients with CAC > 400 was more prominent in people younger than 65 years.