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Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon

Community presence of loiasis must be determined before mass drug administration programmes for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis can be implemented. However, taking human blood samples for loiasis surveillance is invasive and operationally challenging. A xenosurveillance approach based on the...

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Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2022-11, Vol.16 (11), p.e0010868
Main Authors: Pryce, Joseph, Pilotte, Nils, Menze, Benjamin, Sirois, Allison R, Zulch, Michael, Agbor, Jean Pierre, Williams, Steven A, Wondji, Charles S, Reimer, Lisa
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Pilotte, Nils
Menze, Benjamin
Sirois, Allison R
Zulch, Michael
Agbor, Jean Pierre
Williams, Steven A
Wondji, Charles S
Reimer, Lisa
description Community presence of loiasis must be determined before mass drug administration programmes for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis can be implemented. However, taking human blood samples for loiasis surveillance is invasive and operationally challenging. A xenosurveillance approach based on the molecular screening of mosquitoes and their excreta/feces (E/F) for Loa loa DNA may provide a non-invasive method for detecting the community presence of loiasis. We collected 770 wild mosquitoes during a pilot study in a known loiasis transmission area in Mbalmayo, Cameroon. Of these, 376 were preserved immediately while 394 were kept in pools to collect 36-hour E/F samples before processing. Carcasses and E/F were screened for L. loa DNA. To demonstrate this method's potential for integrated disease surveillance, the samples were further tested for Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans, and Plasmodium falciparum. Despite limited sample numbers, L. loa DNA was detected in eight immediately-stored mosquitoes (2.13%; 95% CI 1.08 to 4.14), one carcass stored after providing E/F (0.25%; 95% CI 0.04 to 1.42), and three E/F samples (estimated prevalence 0.77%; 95% CI 0.15 to 2.23%). M. perstans and P. falciparum DNA were also detected in carcasses and E/F samples, while W. bancrofti DNA was detected in E/F. None of the carcasses positive for filarial worm DNA came from pools that provided a positive E/F sample, supporting the theory that, in incompetent vectors, ingested parasites undergo a rapid, complete expulsion in E/F. Mosquito xenosurveillance may provide a useful tool for the surveillance of loiasis alongside other parasitic diseases.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010868
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subjects Analysis
Animals
Aquatic insects
Biology and Life Sciences
Cameroon - epidemiology
Carcasses
Causes of
Community
Culicidae
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diagnosis
Distribution
DNA
Excreta
Expulsion
Feces
Filariasis
Health surveillance
Humans
Insects as carriers of disease
Loa - genetics
Loa loa
Loiasis - parasitology
Malaria
Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology
Mansonella
Mansonella perstans
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Mosquito Vectors
Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes as carriers of disease
Onchocerciasis
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Parasitoses
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Pilot Projects
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum - genetics
Pools
Programmes
Samples
Surveillance
Testing
Transmission
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria bancrofti - genetics
title Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T12%3A50%3A38IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Integrated%20xenosurveillance%20of%20Loa%20loa,%20Wuchereria%20bancrofti,%20Mansonella%20perstans%20and%20Plasmodium%20falciparum%20using%20mosquito%20carcasses%20and%20faeces:%20A%20pilot%20study%20in%20Cameroon&rft.jtitle=PLoS%20neglected%20tropical%20diseases&rft.au=Pryce,%20Joseph&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e0010868&rft.pages=e0010868-&rft.issn=1935-2735&rft.eissn=1935-2735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010868&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA729888326%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-23eb2d40c05e2ff2fe8b9dd28b3aacfde9e36eeecf0159e341b4177a43bb232b3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2755155719&rft_id=info:pmid/36322515&rft_galeid=A729888326&rfr_iscdi=true