COVID-19 pandemic and trends in new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: A nationwide analysis of claims data

• Published in: PloS one 2023-02, Vol.18 (2), p.e0281068-e0281068
• Main Authors: Hernandez, Inmaculada, He, Meiqi, Guo, Jingchuan, Tadrous, Mina, Gabriel, Nico, Swabe, Gretchen, Gellad, Walid F, Essien, Utibe R, Saba, Samir, Benjamin, Emelia J, Magnani, Jared W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Aged; Atrial fibrillation; Atrial Fibrillation - complications; Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis; Atrial Fibrillation - epidemiology; Autoregressive models; Cardiac arrhythmia; Chronic illnesses; Complications; Congestive heart failure; Control; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - complications; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 Testing; Death; Diagnosis; Disease; Epidemics; Ethnicity; Female; Fibrillation; Health care access; Health risks; Hispanic people; Humans; Incidence; Ischemia; Medical diagnosis; Medicare; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Minority & ethnic groups; Pandemics; Race; Regression analysis; Risk Factors; Social Sciences; Stroke; Stroke - epidemiology; Subgroups; Time series; Trends
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281068

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a five-fold increased risk of stroke and a two-fold increased risk of death. We aimed to quantify changes in new diagnoses of AF following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Investigating changes in new diagnoses of AF is of relevance because delayed diagnosis interferes with timely treatment to prevent stroke, heart failure, and death. Using De-identified Optum's Clinformatics® Data Mart, we identified 19,500,401 beneficiaries continuously enrolled for 12 months in 2016-Q3 2020 with no history of AF. The primary outcome was new AF diagnoses per 30-day interval. Secondary outcomes included AF diagnosis in the inpatient setting, AF diagnosis in the outpatient setting, and ischemic stroke as initial manifestation of AF. We constructed seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models to quantify changes in new AF diagnoses after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (3/11/2020, date of pandemic declaration). We tested whether changes in the new AF diagnoses differed by race and ethnicity. The average age of study participants was 51.0±18.5 years, and 52% of the sample was female. During the study period, 2.7% of the study sample had newly-diagnosed AF. New AF diagnoses decreased by 35% (95% CI, 21%-48%) after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, from 1.14 per 1000 individuals (95% CI, 1.05-1.24) to 0.74 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.83, p-value