Analysis of LruC lipoprotein and identification of peptides candidates for vaccine development and diagnosis of leptospirosis

• Published in: PloS one 2023-02, Vol.18 (2), p.e0281344-e0281344
• Main Authors: Mariano, Iago H de Miranda, Silva, Bruna Ferreira, Machado, Mayriele da S, Blanco, Roberta M, Romero, Eliete C, Andrade, Sonia A, Ho, Paulo Lee, Martins, Elizabeth A L, da Silva, Josefa Bezerra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Bacterins; Bioinformatics; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood lipoproteins; Cricetinae; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Epitopes; Gene expression; Hamsters; Health aspects; Humans; Immunization; Immunogenicity; Leptospira; Leptospirosis; Leptospirosis - diagnosis; Leptospirosis - prevention & control; Lethality; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins - metabolism; Major histocompatibility complex; Medical diagnosis; Medicine and Health Sciences; Membranes; Peptides; Peptides - metabolism; Prevention; Product development; Prospective Studies; Proteins; Proteolipids; Public health; Research and Analysis Methods; Vaccine Development; Vaccines
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281344

Leptospirosis is a public health concern with lethality around 15% of the total cases. The current vaccines against Leptospira infection based on bacterins have several limitations, which require urgent development of new ones. In this context, groundbreaking approaches such as peptide-vaccines could be used to come around with promising results. Our goal was to identify conserved and immunogenic epitopes from the lipoprotein LruC that could interact with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I and II. LruC is a conserved lipoprotein expressed during leptospirosis that is considered among vaccine candidates and can be used as source for development of peptide-based vaccines. We searched for peptides that would be recognized by antibodies from either serum of hamsters previously immunized with low-LPS bacterin vaccines or from serum of patients diagnosed with leptospirosis. Immuno properties of seven peptides from LruC protein were evaluated in silico and by Dot Blot assay, and validate by ELISA. Preliminary results pointed one promising peptide that was recognized by the sera. In conclusion, the immunoinformatic approach helps the search and screening of peptides, while the Dot Blot assay, a simple and effective tool, helps to test and validate them. Thus, these prospective techniques together were validated to identify and validate potential peptides for further investigation as peptide-based vaccines or diagnostic methods.