The burden of disease and economic impact of sugar-sweetened beverages' consumption in Argentina: A modeling study

• Published in: PloS one 2023-02, Vol.18 (2), p.e0279978-e0279978
• Main Authors: Bardach, Ariel Esteban, Espínola, Natalia, Cairoli, Federico Rodríguez, Perelli, Lucas, Balan, Darío, Palacios, Alfredo, Augustovski, Federico, Pichón-Riviere, Andrés, Alcaraz, Andrea Olga
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adolescents; Adult; Adults; Age groups; Argentina - epidemiology; Asthma; Beverages; Beverages - adverse effects; Biology and Life Sciences; Body mass index; Body weight; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - complications; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Child; Children; Chronic diseases; Composition; Cost of Illness; Costs; Decision making; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Distribution; Economic impact; Economic models; Economics; Energy consumption; Estimates; Evaluation; Fatalities; Food consumption; Food processing; GDP; Gross Domestic Product; Health aspects; Health Care Costs; Humans; Impact analysis; Medical care, Cost of; Medicine and Health Sciences; Monte Carlo simulation; Mortality; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Obesity - etiology; Overweight; Overweight - complications; Overweight - etiology; Patient outcomes; People and places; Processed foods; Risk assessment; Risk factors; Social Sciences; Sugar; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages - adverse effects; Teenagers
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279978

Approximately two-thirds of Argentine adults are overweight or obese, and 11% have diabetes. Over the last two decades, all population groups have increased their consumption of ultra-processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). We aimed to estimate the disease burden-deaths, events, and costs to the health system-attributed to SSB consumption in Argentina. We used a comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the health and economic impacts that would be avoided in a scenario without sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. We calculated the direct effects on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and BMI, and then estimated the effects of BMI on disease incidence. Finally, we applied the population attributable factor to calculate the health and economic burden avoided in Argentina in 2020. Our model estimated that about 4,425 deaths, 110,000 healthy life years lost to premature death and disability, more than 520,000 cases of overweight and obesity in adults, and 774,000 in children and adolescents would be attributed to SSB Consumption in Argentina. This disease burden corresponds to 23% of type-2 diabetes cases and other significant proportions of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The overweight and obesity costs attributable to SSB totaled approximately $47 million in adults and $15 million in children and adolescents. A significant number of disease cases, deaths, and health care costs could be attributed to SSB consumption in Argentina. Implementing measures to reduce the sugar content in beverages is a pending debt for the country and could lead to measurable improvements in population health, especially among children and adolescents.