Fast electro-plasmonic detection of heart signal in Balb/C cells onto one-dimensional plasmonic grating

• Published in: PloS one 2023-03, Vol.18 (3), p.e0282863-e0282863
• Main Authors: Akbari, S, Hamidi, S M, Eftekhari, H, Heirani-Tabasi, A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Balb/c cells; Biology and Life Sciences; Biosensors; Cardiovascular diseases; Collagen; Congenital heart disease; Diagnosis; Electrical stimuli; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Heart; Fetal monitoring; Fetus; Fetuses; Genetic disorders; Gold; Growth; Heart beat; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart diseases; Heart diseases in pregnancy; Heart rate; Hemodynamic monitoring; Humans; Hypoxia; Lasers; Measurement; Medicine and Health Sciences; Methods; Mice; Nanotechnology; Nanowires; Physical Sciences; Plasmonics; Portable equipment; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Prenatal Care; Research and Analysis Methods; Semiconductors; Sensors; Side effects; Signal processing; Stimulation; Structure-function relationships; Telemedicine; Well being
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282863

The heart is a vital and complex organ in the human body that forms with most organs between the second week of pregnancy, and fetal heart rate is an important indicator or biological index to know the condition of fetal well-being. In general, long-term measurement of fetal heart rate is the most widely used method of providing information about fetal health. In addition to fetal life, growth, and maturity, information such as congenital heart disease, often due to structural or functional defects in heart structure that often occur during the first trimester of pregnancy during fetal development, can be detected by continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate. The gold standard for monitoring the fetus's health is the use of non-invasive methods and portable devices so that while maintaining the health of the mother and fetus, it provides the possibility of continuous monitoring, especially for mothers who have a high-risk pregnancy. Therefore, the present study aimed to propose a low-cost, compact, and portable device for recording the heart rate of 18-day-old fetal mouse heart cells. Introduced device allows non-invasive heart rate monitoring instantly and without side effects for mouse fetal heart cells. One-dimensional gold-plated plasmonic specimens as a physiological signal recorder are mainly chips with nanoarray of resonant nanowire patterns perform in an integrated platform. Here the surface plasmon waves generated in a one-dimensional plasmonic sample are paired with an electrical wave from the heart pulse, and this two-wave pairing is used to record and detect the heart rate of fetal heart cells with high accuracy and good sensitivity. This measurement was performed in normal mode and two different stimulation modes. Stimulation of cells was performed once using adrenaline and again with electrical stimulation. Our results show that our sensor is sensitive enough to detect heart rate in both standard and excitatory states and is also well able to detect and distinguish between changes in heart rate caused by different excitatory conditions.