Effects of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides on osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, and myotube differentiation of C2C12 cells

• Published in: PloS one 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0284343-e0284343
• Main Authors: Uchiyama, Hirofumi, Muramatsu, Daisuke, Higashi, Hideaki, Kida, Hiroshi, Iwai, Atsushi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Animal species; Animals; Antibodies; Arthralgia; Bioavailability; Biological activity; Biology and Life Sciences; Cartilage; Cell Differentiation; Cell lines; Cell viability; Chondroitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Chondroitin Sulfates - metabolism; Chondroitin Sulfates - pharmacology; Dietary supplements; Differentiation; Disaccharides; Evaluation; Glucosamine; Glycosaminoglycans; Hydrolysis; Insulin; Intestinal microflora; Investigations; Mammals - metabolism; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mice; Microscopy; Molecular weight; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism; Myoblasts; Myotubes; N-Acetylglucosamine; Oligosaccharides; Oligosaccharides - pharmacology; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteoclasts (Biology); Osteoclasts - metabolism; Phosphatase; Physical Sciences; Properties; Proteins; Research and Analysis Methods; Sulfates
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284343

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan, and CS derived from various animal species is used in drugs and food supplements to alleviate arthralgia. The CS is a high molecular weight compound, and hydrolysis of CS by intestinal microbiota is thought to be required for absorption in mammalians. Chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides (Oligo-CS) are produced by hydrolysis with subcritical water from CS isolated from a species of skate, Raja pulchra for the improvement of bioavailability. The present study conducted in vitro experiments using murine cell lines, to compare the biological activities of Oligo-CS and high molecular weight CS composed with the similar disaccharide isomer units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (CS-C). The results show that Oligo-CS inhibits osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells significantly at lower concentrations than in CS. The cell viability of a myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells, was increased when the cells were grown in a differentiated medium for myotubes with Oligo-CS, where there were no effects on the cell viability in CS. These results suggest that in vitro Oligo-CS exhibits stronger bioactivity than high-molecular weight CS.