Body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) is related to extreme odor valence perception

• Published in: PloS one 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0284397-e0284397
• Main Authors: Zakrzewska, Marta, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Olofsson, Jonas K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aversion; Behavior; Biology and Life Sciences; Body Odor; Body odors; Causes of; Disease; Disgust; Emotional factors; Emotions; Experiments; Humans; mathematical models; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Medicine and Health Sciences; Odor intensity; Odorants; Odors; Pathogens; Perception; Perceptions; psychological attitudes; Psychology; psykologi; Ratings; Ratings & rankings; Research and Analysis Methods; sensory cues; sensory perception; Smell; Smell - physiology; Social Sciences; Sweat; Valeric acid; vision
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284397

Odors are important disease cues, and disgust sensitivity to body odors reflects individual differences in disease avoidance. The body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) scale provides a rapid and valid assessment of individual differences. Nevertheless, little is known about how individual differences in BODS might correlate with overall odor perception or how it is related to other differences in emotional reactivity (e.g., affect intensity). We investigated how BODS relates to perceptual ratings of pleasant and unpleasant odors. We aggregated data from 4 experiments (total N = 190) that were conducted in our laboratory, and where valence and intensity ratings were collected. Unpleasant odors were body-like (e.g., sweat-like valeric acid), which may provide disease cues. The pleasant odors were, in contrast, often found in soap and cleaning products (e.g., lilac, lemon). Across experiments, we show that individuals with higher BODS levels perceived smells as more highly valenced overall: unpleasant smells were rated as more unpleasant, and pleasant smells were rated as more pleasant. These results suggest that body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with a broader pattern of affect intensity which causes stronger emotional responses to both negative and positive odors. In contrast, BODS levels were not associated with odor intensity perception. Furthermore, disgust sensitivity to odors coming from external sources (e.g., someone else's sweat) was the best predictor of odor valence ratings. The effects were modest in size. The results validate the BODS scale as it is explicitly associated with experimental ratings of odor valence.