Geochemistry and provenance of Mesozoic sandstones in Khon Kaen Geopark: Implication for tectonics of the western Khorat Plateau of Thailand

Khon Kaen Geopark, representing an area of dinosaur fossil diversity, was selected for investigations to reveal the origin and tectonic setting of the Khorat Group. The area occupied by Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of four formal formations of the Khorat Group, namely the Phra Wihan Formation (PWF), S...

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Published in:PloS one 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0284974-e0284974
Main Authors: Singtuen, Vimoltip, Phajuy, Burapha, Anumart, Apussorn, Charusiri, Punya, Chawthai, Natnicha, Heggemann, Heiner
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Basins (Geology)
Biology and Life Sciences
Biotite
Chondrites
Conglomerates
Continental crust
Continental margins
Creeks & streams
Dinosaurs
Earth Sciences
Feldspars
Field investigations
Fossils
Geochemistry
Geologic Sediments
Geology
Geomorphology
Identification and classification
Igneous rocks
Mesozoic
Meteorites
Mica
Minerals
Muscovite
National parks
Orogeny
Physical Sciences
Plateaus
Provenance
Quartz
Rare earth elements
Rocks, Igneous
Rocks, Sedimentary
Sandstone
Sedimentary rocks
Sediments
Sediments (Geology)
Siltstone
Stratigraphy
Tectonics
Tectonics (Geology)
Thailand
Tourmaline
Trace elements
Zircon
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Phajuy, Burapha
Anumart, Apussorn
Charusiri, Punya
Chawthai, Natnicha
Heggemann, Heiner
description Khon Kaen Geopark, representing an area of dinosaur fossil diversity, was selected for investigations to reveal the origin and tectonic setting of the Khorat Group. The area occupied by Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of four formal formations of the Khorat Group, namely the Phra Wihan Formation (PWF), Sao Khua Formation (SKF), Phu Phan Formation (PPF), and Khok Kruat Formation (KKF). A field investigation and macroscopic observations suggested that the immature sedimentary rocks of the study area are mainly clast-supported, pebbly sandstone and siltstone with few calcretes. The 50 rock samples that were selected for petrographical and geochemical investigations revealed that the sandstones of the PWF and PPF are quartz arenite and sublitharenite, with some subarkose, whereas those of the SKF are mainly subarkose and sublitharenite. In addition, the KKF dominantly presents sublitharenite with pebbles and calcretes. Mesozoic sandstones contain quartz, feldspars, various types of rock fragments, and accessory minerals (biotite, muscovite, zircon, and tourmaline), with siliceous, ferrous, and calcareous cement. Petrographic (Q-F-L) and geochemical (major and trace element) data suggested that the sources of sediments are mostly quartzose sedimentary rocks and some felsic-intermediate igneous rocks. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns indicated that the origins of the studied sandstones are quartzose sedimentary rocks deposited in a passive continental margin or an upper continental crust. Geochemical traits of the sedimentary successions demonstrated that the provenance of the Khorat Basin prior to reworking by fluvial processes was situated in the passive continental margin or recycled orogen of the paleo-volcanic arc during the Mesozoic period.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0284974
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Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest advanced technologies &amp; aerospace journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Singtuen, Vimoltip</au><au>Phajuy, Burapha</au><au>Anumart, Apussorn</au><au>Charusiri, Punya</au><au>Chawthai, Natnicha</au><au>Heggemann, Heiner</au><au>Zhang, Shuan-Hong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Geochemistry and provenance of Mesozoic sandstones in Khon Kaen Geopark: Implication for tectonics of the western Khorat Plateau of Thailand</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2023-04-26</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0284974</spage><epage>e0284974</epage><pages>e0284974-e0284974</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Khon Kaen Geopark, representing an area of dinosaur fossil diversity, was selected for investigations to reveal the origin and tectonic setting of the Khorat Group. The area occupied by Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of four formal formations of the Khorat Group, namely the Phra Wihan Formation (PWF), Sao Khua Formation (SKF), Phu Phan Formation (PPF), and Khok Kruat Formation (KKF). A field investigation and macroscopic observations suggested that the immature sedimentary rocks of the study area are mainly clast-supported, pebbly sandstone and siltstone with few calcretes. The 50 rock samples that were selected for petrographical and geochemical investigations revealed that the sandstones of the PWF and PPF are quartz arenite and sublitharenite, with some subarkose, whereas those of the SKF are mainly subarkose and sublitharenite. In addition, the KKF dominantly presents sublitharenite with pebbles and calcretes. Mesozoic sandstones contain quartz, feldspars, various types of rock fragments, and accessory minerals (biotite, muscovite, zircon, and tourmaline), with siliceous, ferrous, and calcareous cement. Petrographic (Q-F-L) and geochemical (major and trace element) data suggested that the sources of sediments are mostly quartzose sedimentary rocks and some felsic-intermediate igneous rocks. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns indicated that the origins of the studied sandstones are quartzose sedimentary rocks deposited in a passive continental margin or an upper continental crust. Geochemical traits of the sedimentary successions demonstrated that the provenance of the Khorat Basin prior to reworking by fluvial processes was situated in the passive continental margin or recycled orogen of the paleo-volcanic arc during the Mesozoic period.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>37099526</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0284974</doi><tpages>e0284974</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5032-8771</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
ispartof PloS one, 2023-04, Vol.18 (4), p.e0284974-e0284974
issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
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source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central
subjects Analysis
Basins (Geology)
Biology and Life Sciences
Biotite
Chondrites
Conglomerates
Continental crust
Continental margins
Creeks & streams
Dinosaurs
Earth Sciences
Feldspars
Field investigations
Fossils
Geochemistry
Geologic Sediments
Geology
Geomorphology
Identification and classification
Igneous rocks
Mesozoic
Meteorites
Mica
Minerals
Muscovite
National parks
Orogeny
Physical Sciences
Plateaus
Provenance
Quartz
Rare earth elements
Rocks, Igneous
Rocks, Sedimentary
Sandstone
Sedimentary rocks
Sediments
Sediments (Geology)
Siltstone
Stratigraphy
Tectonics
Tectonics (Geology)
Thailand
Tourmaline
Trace elements
Zircon
title Geochemistry and provenance of Mesozoic sandstones in Khon Kaen Geopark: Implication for tectonics of the western Khorat Plateau of Thailand
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