Weight loss efficiency and safety of tirzepatide: A Systematic review

• Published in: PloS one 2023-05, Vol.18 (5), p.e0285197
• Main Authors: Lin, Fei, Yu, Bin, Ling, Baodong, Lv, Guangyao, Shang, Huijun, Zhao, Xia, Jie, Xiaoling, Chen, Jing, Li, Yan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adverse events; Analysis; Antidiabetics; Appetite; Appetite loss; Bias; Biology and Life Sciences; Body weight; Body weight loss; Care and treatment; Clinical trials; Dextrose; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diarrhea; Drug dosages; Evaluation; FDA approval; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; GIP protein; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - adverse effects; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucose; Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents - adverse effects; Insulin; Insulin - therapeutic use; Investigations; Liraglutide; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; Medicine, Experimental; Meta-analysis; Obesity; Obesity - chemically induced; Obesity - drug therapy; Overweight; Peptides; Physical Sciences; Placebos; Polypeptides; Research and Analysis Methods; Safety; Safety and security measures; Sensitivity analysis; Statistical analysis; Systematic review; Type 2 diabetes; Vomiting; Weight control; Weight Loss; Weight reduction
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285197

Tirzeptide is a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) drug, which shows good efficiency for weight loss. Therefore, we aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity patients in this meta-analysis study. Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Clinical Trials, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 5, 2022. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects models by Review Manager 5.3 software. In total, ten studies (12 reports) involving 9,873 patients were identified. A significant loss body weight in the tirzepatide group versus the placebo by -9.81 kg (95% CI (-12.09, -7.52), GLP-1 RAs by -1.05 kg (95% CI (-1.48, -0.63), and insulin by -1.93 kg (95% CI (-2.81, -1.05), respectively. In sub-analysis, the body weight of patients was significantly reduced in three tirzepatide doses (5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg) when compared with those of the placebo/GLP-1 RA/insulin. In terms of safety, the incidence of any adverse events and adverse events leading to study drug discontinuation was higher in the tirzepatide group, but the incidence of serious adverse events and hypoglycaemia was lower. Additionally, the gastrointestinal adverse events (including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and decreased appetite) of tirzepatide were higher than those of placebo/basal insulin, but similar to GLP-1 RAs. In conclusion, tirzeptide can significantly reduce the weight of T2DM and patient with obesity, and it is a potential therapeutic regimen for weight-loss, but we need to be vigilant about its gastrointestinal reaction.