MedTric : A clinically applicable metric for evaluation of multi-label computational diagnostic systems

• Published in: PloS one 2023-08, Vol.18 (8), p.e0283895-e0283895
• Main Authors: Saha, Soumadeep, Garain, Utpal, Ukil, Arijit, Pal, Arpan, Khandelwal, Sundeep
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Analysis; Benchmarking; Classification; Clinical outcomes; Cognitive tasks; Computational biology; Computer and Information Sciences; Computer applications; Datasets; Diagnosis; Diagnostic systems; Health risks; Incompatibility; Information management; Innovations; Labels; Learning algorithms; Machine Learning; Medical diagnosis; Medical tests; Medicine and Health Sciences; Physical Sciences; Research and Analysis Methods; Risk reduction; Social Sciences; Statistical analysis
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283895

When judging the quality of a computational system for a pathological screening task, several factors seem to be important, like sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, etc. With machine learning based approaches showing promise in the multi-label paradigm, they are being widely adopted to diagnostics and digital therapeutics. Metrics are usually borrowed from machine learning literature, and the current consensus is to report results on a diverse set of metrics. It is infeasible to compare efficacy of computational systems which have been evaluated on different sets of metrics. From a diagnostic utility standpoint, the current metrics themselves are far from perfect, often biased by prevalence of negative samples or other statistical factors and importantly, they are designed to evaluate general purpose machine learning tasks. In this paper we outline the various parameters that are important in constructing a clinical metric aligned with diagnostic practice, and demonstrate their incompatibility with existing metrics. We propose a new metric, MedTric that takes into account several factors that are of clinical importance. MedTric is built from the ground up keeping in mind the unique context of computational diagnostics and the principle of risk minimization, penalizing missed diagnosis more harshly than over-diagnosis. MedTric is a unified metric for medical or pathological screening system evaluation. We compare this metric against other widely used metrics and demonstrate how our system outperforms them in key areas of medical relevance.