Demographic characteristics associated with West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease – A retrospective study on the wider European area 2006–2021

With a case-fatality-risk ranging from 3.0 to >20.0% and life-long sequelae, West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) is the most dangerous outcome of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans. As no specific prophylaxis nor therapy is available for these infections, focus is on preventive strategi...

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Published in:PloS one 2023-09, Vol.18 (9), p.e0292187-e0292187
Main Authors: Riccetti, Nicola, Ferraccioli, Federico, Fasano, Augusto, Stilianakis, Nikolaos I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Analysis
Biology and life sciences
Complications
Confidence intervals
Criteria
Death
Diagnosis
Disease
Disease control
Disease transmission
Earth Sciences
Encephalitis
Epidemiology
Fatalities
Fever
Health aspects
Health care access
Hospitalization
Immunoglobulins
Infection
Infections
Invasiveness
Medical research
Medicine and health sciences
Medicine, Experimental
Meningitis
Mortality
Mosquitoes
People and places
Population
Population studies
Prevention
Prophylaxis
Public health
Regression analysis
Regression models
Risk factors
Sex
Social Sciences
Surveillance systems
Variables
Vector-borne diseases
Viruses
West Nile fever
West Nile virus
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description With a case-fatality-risk ranging from 3.0 to >20.0% and life-long sequelae, West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) is the most dangerous outcome of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans. As no specific prophylaxis nor therapy is available for these infections, focus is on preventive strategies. We aimed to find variables associated with WNND diagnosis, hospitalisation or death, to identify high-risk sub-groups of the population, on whom to concentrate these strategies. We used data from The European Surveillance System-TESSy, provided by National Public Health Authorities, and released by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). In two Firth-penalised logistic regression models, we considered age, sex, clinical criteria, epidemiological link to other cases (epi-link), calendar year, and season as potential associated variables. In one model we considered also the rural/urban classification of the place of infection (RUC), while in the other the specific reporting country. Among confirmed West Nile Virus cases, 2,916 WNND cases were registered, of which 2,081 (71.4%), and 383 (13.1%) resulted in the hospitalisation and death of the patient, respectively. Calendar year, RUC/country, age, sex, clinical criteria, and epi-link were associated with WNND diagnosis. Hospitalisation was associated with calendar year and RUC/country; whereas death was associated with age, sex and country.
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subjects Age
Analysis
Biology and life sciences
Complications
Confidence intervals
Criteria
Death
Diagnosis
Disease
Disease control
Disease transmission
Earth Sciences
Encephalitis
Epidemiology
Fatalities
Fever
Health aspects
Health care access
Hospitalization
Immunoglobulins
Infection
Infections
Invasiveness
Medical research
Medicine and health sciences
Medicine, Experimental
Meningitis
Mortality
Mosquitoes
People and places
Population
Population studies
Prevention
Prophylaxis
Public health
Regression analysis
Regression models
Risk factors
Sex
Social Sciences
Surveillance systems
Variables
Vector-borne diseases
Viruses
West Nile fever
West Nile virus
title Demographic characteristics associated with West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease – A retrospective study on the wider European area 2006–2021
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