Quality of life in the general population of Mongolia: Normative data on WHOQOL-BREF

• Published in: PloS one 2023-09, Vol.18 (9), p.e0291427-e0291427
• Main Authors: Bat-Erdene, Enkhjin, Hiramoto, Tetsuya, Tumurbaatar, Enkhnaran, Tumur-Ochir, Gantsetseg, Jamiyandorj, Otgonbold, Yamamoto, Eiko, Hamajima, Nobuyuki, Oka, Takakazu, Jadamba, Tsolmon, Lkhagvasuren, Battuvshin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anxiety; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood pressure; Body measurements; Cities; Data collection; Disease; Environmental health; Evaluation; Geopolitics; Health facilities; Heart rate; Likert scale; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Missing data; Oxygen saturation; People and Places; Population; Population studies; Public health; Quality of life; Quantitative psychology; Questionnaires; Rural areas; Sample size; Social Sciences; Urban areas; Validity
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291427

No data on the quality of life (QOL) of the general population are available for Mongolia. This study aimed to determine normative data on the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) in the general population of Mongolia. This nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 sampling centers across Mongolia in 2020. We used the WHOQOL-BREF and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in our study and evaluated their associations with vital signs, body measurements, and lifestyle determinants. A total of 714 participants (261 men and 453 women) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 40.7 (13.2) years were recruited. The mean scores of WHOQOL-BREF subscales were 61.5 for physical health, 73.5 for psychological health, 70.1 for social relationship, and 67.2 for environmental health domains. The prevalence of poor QOL was 16.9% among the participants. Participants living in an apartment in urban areas with high HADS scores had a low QOL. All domains of WHOQOL-BREF were inversely correlated with anxiety score (r = -0.353 - -0.206, p < 0.001) and depression scores (r = -0.335 - -0.156, p < 0.001). Physical health was predicted by residency location, anxiety, and depression (R.sup.2 = 0.200, p < 0.001); psychological health by anxiety and depression (R.sup.2 = 0.203, p < 0.001); social relationship by residency location, age group, anxiety and depression (R.sup.2 = 0.116, p < 0.001); and environmental health by employment, anxiety, and depression (R.sup.2 = 0.117, p < 0.001). This is the first report on normative data on the QOL in the general population of Mongolia. Physical health was low compared with that determined using international data. Poor QOL was observed among those with mental health issues living in the urban areas.