Modelling seasonality of Lassa fever incidences and vector dynamics in Nigeria

Lassa fever (Lf) is a viral haemorrhagic disease endemic to West Africa and is caused by the Lassa mammarenavirus. The rodent Mastomys natalensis serves as the primary reservoir and its ecology and behaviour have been linked to the distinct spatial and temporal patterns in the incidence of Lf. Niger...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2023-11, Vol.17 (11), p.e0011543-e0011543
Main Authors: McKendrick, James Q, Tennant, Warren S. D, Tildesley, Michael J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Asymptomatic
Bayesian analysis
Care and treatment
Computation
Diagnosis
Differential equations
Disease
Epidemics
Fever
Genetic vectors
Hemorrhagic disease
Infections
Lassa fever
Medical research
Molecular dynamics
Population biology
Population dynamics
Probability theory
Public health
Reservoirs
Rodents
Seasonal variation
Seasonal variations
Seasonality
Surveillance
Zoonoses
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Summary:Lassa fever (Lf) is a viral haemorrhagic disease endemic to West Africa and is caused by the Lassa mammarenavirus. The rodent Mastomys natalensis serves as the primary reservoir and its ecology and behaviour have been linked to the distinct spatial and temporal patterns in the incidence of Lf. Nigeria has experienced an unprecedented epidemic that lasted from January until April of 2018, which has been followed by subsequent epidemics of Lf in the same period every year since. While previous research has modelled the case seasonality within Nigeria, this did not capture the seasonal variation in the reproduction of the zoonotic reservoir and its effect on case numbers. To this end, we introduce an approximate Bayesian computation scheme to fit our model to the case data from 2018-2020 supplied by the NCDC. In this study we used a periodically forced seasonal nonautonomous system of ordinary differential equations as a vector model to demonstrate that the population dynamics of the rodent reservoir may be responsible for the spikes in the number of observed cases in humans. The results show that in December through to March, spillover from the zoonotic reservoir drastically increases and spreads the virus to the people of Nigeria. Therefore to effectively combat Lf, attention and efforts should be concentrated during this period.
ISSN:1935-2735
1935-2727
1935-2735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011543