Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria

Introduction Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivitis is a warning sign for noma, and acute necrotizing gingivitis is the first stage of noma. The epidemiology of noma i...

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Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2023-10, Vol.17 (10), p.e0011508-e0011508
Main Authors: Farley, Elise, Karinja, Miriam Njoki, Lawal, Abdulhakeem Mohammed, Olaleye, Michael, Muhammad, Sadiya, Umar, Maryam, Gaya, Fatima Khalid, Mbaeri, Shirley Chioma, Sherlock, Mark, Kabila, Deogracia Wa, Peters, Miriam, Samuel, Joseph, Maloba, Guy, Usman, Rabi, van der Kam, Saskia, Ritmeijer, Koert, Ariti, Cono, Amirtharajah, Mohana, Lenglet, Annick, Falq, Grégoire
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Children
Children & youth
Consent
Data collection
Disease transmission
Diseases
Edema
Epidemiology
Ethics
Families & family life
Gingivitis
Health aspects
Health care access
Health care reform
Health services
Hospitals
Infection
Malnutrition
Measles
Mortality
Nigeria
Nutrition
Observational studies
Oral cavity
Oral hygiene
Parents & parenting
Patients
Pediatrics
Risk factors
Sociodemographics
Standard scores
Toothbrushing
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Summary:Introduction Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivitis is a warning sign for noma, and acute necrotizing gingivitis is the first stage of noma. The epidemiology of noma is not well understood. We aimed to understand the prevalence of all stages of noma in hospitalised children. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study from 1.sup.st June to 24.sup.th October 2021, enrolling patients aged 0 to 12 years who were admitted to the Anka General Hospital, Zamfara, northwest Nigeria. Consenting parents/ guardians of participants were interviewed at admission. Participants had anthropometric and oral exams at admission and discharge. Findings Of the 2346 patients, 58 (2.5%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis and six (n = 0.3%) with acute necrotizing gingivitis upon admission. Of those admitted to the Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centre (ITFC), 3.4% (n = 37, CI 2.5-4.7%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis upon admission compared to 1.7% of those not admitted to the ITFC (n = 21, CI 1.1-2.6%) (p = 0.008). Risk factors identified for having simple gingivitis include being aged over two years (2 to 6 yrs old, odds ratio (OR) 3.4, CI 1.77-6.5; 7 to 12 yrs OR 5.0, CI 1.7-14.6; p =
ISSN:1935-2735
1935-2727
1935-2735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011508