Trumpism, climate and COVID: Social bases of the new science rejection

• Published in: PloS one 2024-01, Vol.19 (1), p.e0293059-e0293059
• Main Author: Hamilton, Lawrence C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Americans; Analysis; Anthropogenic climate changes; Anthropogenic factors; Biology and Life Sciences; Book publishing; Climate; Climate change; Climatic changes; Conspiracy; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Demography; Earth Sciences; Education; Environmental impact; Ethnic identity; Evangelicalism; Forecasts and trends; Global temperature changes; Greenhouse effect; Human influences; Hypotheses; Ideology; Immunization; Intervening variables; Literacy; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; Medicine, Experimental; People and Places; Political leadership; Political parties; Politics; Polls & surveys; Presidential approval; Reality; Rejection; Religion; Science; Science Policy; Scientists; Social interactions; Social Sciences; Sociopolitical factors; Structural equation modeling; Surveys; Trends; Trump, Donald; Vaccination
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293059

Although the hazards posed by greenhouse warming and COVID-19 are quite different, diagnosis and mitigation prospects for both depend heavily on science. Unfortunately, the reality of both threats has been subject to politicized science rejection in the US, making these deadly problems less tractable. There are substantial parallels between the two cases of science rejection, including common rhetoric and conservative political leadership. Survey research has reached widely-replicated conclusions regarding the social bases of climate-change perceptions. Corresponding studies of COVID-19 perceptions have found some political commonalities, but less agreement on other details. Here, we address this gap using generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) and 2021 US survey data to make direct comparisons between the social bases of rejecting the reality of anthropogenic climate change (ACC) and rejecting COVID-19 vaccination. Trumpism, operationalized from approval of ex-president Trump, is viewed as an intervening variable that influences both types of science rejection. Trumpism itself is predicted by age, race, evangelical religion, ideology, and receptivity to seemingly non-political conspiracy beliefs. Considering direct as well as indirect effects (through Trumpism), climate change and vaccine rejection are similarly predicted by white and evangelical identity, conspiracism, and by education×ideology and friends×party interactions. The finding that Trumpism exacerbates science rejection could also apply to other science- and expertise-related topics unrelated to climate and COVID. These results invite broader comparisons across topics, with analogous movements in other countries, and continued tracking as US Trumpism evolves beyond Trump.