Clinical evaluation of a fully electronic microfluidic white blood cell analyzer

• Published in: PloS one 2024-01, Vol.19 (1), p.e0296344-e0296344
• Main Authors: Sui, Jianye, Lin, Zhongtian, Azizpour, Shahriar, Chen, Fei, Gaur, Sunanda, Keene, Kelly, Soleimani, Farzad, Bhowmick, Tanaya, Rafique, Zubaid, Javanmard, Mehdi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Analytical instruments; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Bacterial infections; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood; Blood Cell Count; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Delay time; Diagnosis; Drug resistance; Emergency medical care; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Evaluation; Granulocytes; Health aspects; Hematology; Hematology - methods; Humans; Immune system; Infection; Infections; Infectious diseases; Laboratories; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Leukocytes (granulocytic); Lymphocytes; Medical colleges; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; Medicine, Experimental; Microfluidics; Neutropenia; Neutrophils; Observational studies; Patients; Research and Analysis Methods; Review boards; Schizophrenia; Viral infections
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296344

The White Blood Cell (WBC) count is one of the key parameters signaling the health of the immune system. Abnormal WBC counts often signal a systemic insult to the body such as an underlying infection or an adverse side effect to medication. Typically, the blood collected is sent to a central lab for testing, and results come back within hours, which is often inconvenient and may delay time-sensitive diagnosis or treatment. Here, we present the CytoTracker, a fully electronic, microfluidic based instant WBC analyzer with the potential to be used at point-of-care. The CytoTracker is a lightweight, portable, affordable platform capable of quantifying WBCs within minutes using only 50 μl of blood (approximately one drop of blood). In this study, we clinically evaluated the accuracy and performance of CytoTracker in measuring WBC and granulocyte counts. A total of 210 adult patients were recruited in the study. We validated the CytoTracker against a standard benchtop analyzer (Horiba Point of Care Hematology Analyzer, ABX Micros 60). Linear dynamic ranges of 2.5 k/μl- 35 k/μl and 0.6 k/μl- 26 k/μl were achieved for total WBC count and granulocyte count with correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.98. In addition, we verified CytoTracker's capability of identifying abnormal blood counts with above 90% sensitivity and specificity. The promising results of this clinical validation study demonstrate the potential for the use of the CytoTracker as a reliable and accurate point-of-care WBC analyzer.