Antegrade anterior column acetabulum fracture fixation with cannulated compression headless screws-A biomechanical study on standardized osteoporotic artificial bone

• Published in: PloS one 2024-06, Vol.19 (6), p.e0300256-e0300256
• Main Authors: Berk, Till, Zderic, Ivan, Schwarzenberg, Peter, Pastor, Torsten, Drenchev, Ludmil, Skulev, Hristo Kostov, Richards, Geoff, Hierholzer, Christian, Halvachizadeh, Sascha, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Gueorguiev, Boyko
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetabulum; Acetabulum - injuries; Acetabulum - surgery; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Bone Screws; Compression; Engineering and Technology; Failure load; Failure modes; Fixation; Fracture Fixation, Internal - instrumentation; Fracture Fixation, Internal - methods; Fractures; Fractures, Bone - surgery; Health aspects; Humans; Internal fixation in fractures; Life expectancy; Life span; Load distribution; Medicine and Health Sciences; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis - complications; Osteoporosis - physiopathology; Osteoporosis - surgery; Peak load; Physical Sciences; Screws; Titanium alloys; Transplants & implants; Variance analysis; Wire; X-rays
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300256

Due to the increase in life expectancy and high-energy traumas, anterior column acetabular fractures (ACFs) are also increasing. While open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is still the standard surgical procedure, minimally invasive, percutaneous fixation of osteoporotic acetabulum fractures (AF) are growing in popularity. The aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate the biomechanical competence following antegrade fixation with a standard screw versus a cannulated compression headless screw. Eight anatomical osteoporotic composite pelvises were given an anterior column fracture. Two groups of eight specimens each (n = 8) for fixation with either a 6.5 mm cannulated compression headless screw in group Anterior Acetabulum Canulated Compression Headless Screw (AACCH), or with a 6.5 mm partially threaded cannulated screw in group Anterior Acetabulum Standard Screw (AASS) where compared. Each specimen was biomechanically loaded cyclically at a rate of 2 Hz with monotonically increasing compressive load until failure. Motions were assessed by means of optical motion tracking. Initial construct stiffness trended higher in group AACCH at 152.4 ± 23.1 N/mm compared to group AASS at 118.5 ± 34.3 N/mm, p = 0.051. Numbers of cycles and corresponding peak load at failure, were significantly higher in group AACCH at 6734 ± 1669 cycles and 873.4 ± 166.9 N versus group AASS at 4440 ± 2063 cycles and 644.0 ± 206.3 N, p = 0.041. Failure modes were breakout of the screws around the proximal entry point. From a biomechanical perspective, group AACCH was associated with superior biomechanical competence compared to standard partially threaded cannulated screws and could therefore be considered as valid alternative for fixation of anterior acetabulum fractures.