Prevalence and factors associated with celiac disease in high-risk patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders

• Published in: PloS one 2024-06, Vol.19 (6), p.e0297605
• Main Authors: Syam, Ari Fahrial, Utari, Amanda Pitarini, Hasanah, Nur Hamidah, Rizky, Almaarif, Abdullah, Murdani
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Anthropometry; Autoimmune diseases; Biology and Life Sciences; Bivariate analysis; Blood; Celiac disease; Celiac Disease - complications; Celiac Disease - epidemiology; Chi-square test; Constipation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Defecation; Development and progression; Diabetes; Diarrhea; Female; Food consumption; Gastroenterology; Gastrointestinal diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases - epidemiology; Gluten; Hospitals; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Indonesia - epidemiology; Informed consent; Intestine; Irritable bowel syndrome; Male; Medical examination; Medicine and Health Sciences; Menstruation; Middle Aged; Multivariate analysis; Nausea; Observational studies; Pain; Patients; People and Places; Peptides; Prevalence; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; Questionnaires; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk groups; Signs and symptoms; Small intestine; Software testing; Statistical analysis; Statistical tests; Statistics; Thyroid diseases; Transglutaminase 2; Transglutaminases - immunology; Vomiting; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297605

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease of the small intestine triggered by the consumption of gluten-containing foods in individuals with a genetic predisposition. CD was a rare disease until 20 years ago, when the prevalence increased. Currently, there is no data on the prevalence of CD in high-risk adult populations in Indonesia, even though there is a trend of increasing gluten consumption. Therefore, basic research is needed to determine the magnitude of CD in high-risk adult patients in Indonesia while identifying clinical signs/symptoms, illness history, and lifestyle to determine factors associated with CD in Indonesia. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional method.Two hundred eighty-three patients who fulfilled the selection and signed the informed consent were recruited from the gastroenterology clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Patients were asked to fill out a celiac disease-related questionnaire and then given anthropometry measurement and blood test for serologic examination with ELISA, consisting of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG) and IgG anti-deaminated gliadin peptide (anti-DGP). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression tests with SPSS software ver. 26. Statistical test differences were considered significant if the p-values were < 0.05. Eight of 283 patients are serologically confirmed with CD (2,83%). On bivariate analysis, the significant variables are age (p < 0,05), constipation (p < 0,05) and history of autoimmune disease (p < 0,05). On multivariate analysis, the only significant variable is the history of autoimmune disease (p < 0,05). This study concluded that the prevalence of CD in high-risk patients with functional gastrointestinal disorder at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is relatively high (2.83%). CD-associated factors are age, constipation, and history of autoimmune disease in patients. On simultaneous interaction between these factors, autoimmune is the only significant variable associated with CD.