Fecal microbiota profiles of growing pigs and their relation to growth performance

The early gut microbiota composition is fundamentally important for piglet health, affecting long-term microbiome development and immunity. In this study, the gut microbiota of postparturient dams was compared with that of their offspring in three Finnish pig farms at three growth phases. The differ...

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Published in:PloS one 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0302724-e0302724
Main Authors: König, Emilia, Beasley, Shea, Heponiemi, Paulina, Kivinen, Sanni, Räkköläinen, Jaakko, Salminen, Seppo, Collado, Maria Carmen, Borman, Tuomas, Lahti, Leo, Piirainen, Virpi, Valros, Anna, Heinonen, Mari
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abundance
Animals
Barley
Biological diversity
Biology and Life Sciences
Farms
Fecal microflora
Feces
Feces - microbiology
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Group dynamics
Growth
Health aspects
Hogs
Intestinal microflora
Lactobacillaceae
Lactobacillaceae - genetics
Lactobacillaceae - growth & development
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microorganisms
Offspring
Pork industry
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
Statistics
Swine
Swine - growth & development
Swine - microbiology
Weaning
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Summary:The early gut microbiota composition is fundamentally important for piglet health, affecting long-term microbiome development and immunity. In this study, the gut microbiota of postparturient dams was compared with that of their offspring in three Finnish pig farms at three growth phases. The differences in fecal microbiota of three study development groups (Good, Poorly, and PrematureDeath) were analyzed at birth (initial exposure phase), weaning (transitional phase), and before slaughter (stable phase). Dam Lactobacillaceae abundance was lower than in piglets at birth. Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus were dominantly expressed in dams and their offspring. Altogether 17 piglets (68%) were identified with Lactobacillaceae at the initial exposure phase, divided unevenly among the development groups: 85% of Good, 37.5% of Poorly, and 75% of PrematureDeath pigs. The development group Good was identified with the highest microbial diversity, whereas the development group PrematureDeath had the lowest diversity. After weaning, the abundance and versatility of Lactobacillaceae in piglets diminished, shifting towards the microbiome of the dam. In conclusion, the fecal microbiota of pigs tends to develop towards a similar alpha and beta diversity despite development group and rearing environment.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0302724