Chromium nanoparticles improve bone turnover regulation in rats fed a high-fat, low-fibre diet

• Published in: PloS one 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0300292-e0300292
• Main Authors: Cholewińska, Ewelina, Sołek, Przemysław, Juśkiewicz, Jerzy, Fotschki, Bartosz, Dworzański, Wojciech, Ognik, Katarzyna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal experimentation; Animals; Biology and Life Sciences; Body fat; Body weight; Bone and Bones - drug effects; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Bone growth; Bone Remodeling - drug effects; Bone resorption; Bone turnover; Bones; Chromium; Chromium - administration & dosage; Chromium - pharmacology; Consumers; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Fiber - pharmacology; Dietary Supplements; Eating behavior; Engineering and Technology; Evaluation; Fat; Gene expression; Genes; Health aspects; High fat diet; Low fat diet; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Metal Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Mineralization; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrition research; Obesity; Osteoblastogenesis; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteogenesis; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Osteoporosis; Phosphatase; Physical Sciences; Physiological aspects; Picolinic Acids - administration & dosage; Picolinic Acids - pharmacology; Properties; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Supplements
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300292

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of returning to a balanced diet combined with chromium picolinate (CrPic) or chromium nanoparticles (CrNPs) supplementation at a pharmacologically relevant dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight on the expression level of selected genes and bone turnover markers in the blood and bones of rats fed an obese diet. The results of the study showed that chronic intake of a high-fat obesogenic diet negatively affects bone turnover by impairing processes of both synthesis and degradation of bones. The switch to a healthy diet proved insufficient to regulate bone metabolism disorders induced by an obesogenic diet, even when it was supplemented with chromium, irrespective of its form. Supplementation with CrPic with no change in diet stimulated bone metabolism only at the molecular level, towards increased osteoclastogenesis (bone resorption). In contrast, CrNPs added to the high-fat diet effectively regulated bone turnover by increasing both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, with these changes directed more towards bone formation. The results of the study suggest that unfavourable changes in bone metabolism induced by chronic intake of a high-fat diet can be mitigated by supplementation with CrNPs, whereas a change in eating habits fails to achieve a similar effect.