Effects of eicosapentaneoic acid on innate immune responses in an Atlantic salmon kidney cell line in vitro

• Published in: PloS one 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0302286-e0302286
• Main Authors: Gjøen, Tor, Ruyter, Bente, Østbye, Tone Kari
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Autophagy; Biological response modifiers; Biology and Life Sciences; Cell Line; Cell membranes; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cell viability; Diet; Earth Sciences; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - pharmacology; Fatty acids; Feeds; Ferroptosis; Fish oils; Gene Expression Profiling; Immune response; Immunity, Innate - drug effects; Immunology; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Interferon; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - immunology; Kidney - metabolism; Kidneys; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolic pathways; Poly I-C - pharmacology; Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Research and analysis methods; RNA; Salmo salar - genetics; Salmo salar - immunology; Salmo salar - virology; Salmon; Signal transduction; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Transcriptome - drug effects; Transcriptomics; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Viral infections
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302286

Studies of the interplay between metabolism and immunity, known as immunometabolism, is steadily transforming immunological research into new understandings of how environmental cues like diet are affecting innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of this study was to explore antiviral transcriptomic responses under various levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Atlantic salmon kidney cells (ASK cell line) were incubated for one week in different levels of the unsaturated n-3 eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) resulting in cellular levels ranging from 2-20% of total fatty acid. These cells were then stimulated with the viral mimic and interferon inducer poly I:C (30 ug/ml) for 24 hours before total RNA was isolated and sequenced for transcriptomic analyses. Up to 200 uM EPA had no detrimental effects on cell viability and induced very few transcriptional changes in these cells. However, in combination with poly I:C, our results shows that the level of EPA in the cellular membranes exert profound dose dependent effects of the transcriptional profiles induced by this treatment. Metabolic pathways like autophagy, apelin and VEGF signaling were attenuated by EPA whereas transcripts related to fatty acid metabolism, ferroptosis and the PPAR signaling pathways were upregulated. These results suggests that innate antiviral responses are heavily influenced by the fatty acid profile of salmonid cells and constitute another example of the strong linkage between general metabolic pathways and inflammatory responses.