Ethanol extract from Astilbe chinensis inflorescence suppresses inflammation in macrophages and growth of oral pathogenic bacteria

• Published in: PloS one 2024-07, Vol.19 (7), p.e0306543
• Main Authors: Han, Jong Min, Yun, Ina, Yang, Kyung Mi, Kim, Hye-Sung, Kim, Young-Youn, Jeong, Wonsik, Hong, Seong Su, Hwang, Inseong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetaldehyde; Acids; Alcohol; Alcohol, Denatured; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial activity; Antibacterial agents; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antibodies; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Astilbe chinensis; Bacteria; Bioactive compounds; Biofilms; Biology and Life Sciences; Cell culture; Cyclooxygenase 2 - genetics; Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism; Cyclooxygenase-2; Dental caries; Dental disorders; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Ethanol; Ethanol - chemistry; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Gram-positive bacteria; Gum disease; Health aspects; Inflammation; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflorescence - chemistry; Interleukin 6; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Interleukins; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - metabolism; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metronidazole; Mice; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism; Nitric-oxide synthase; Oral diseases; Pathogens; Periodontitis; Phosphatase; Physical Sciences; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; RAW 264.7 Cells; Streptococcus infections; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306543

Chronic oral inflammation and biofilm-mediated infections drive diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of an ethanol extract from Astilbe chinensis inflorescence (GA-13-6) as a prominent candidate for natural complex substances (NCS) with therapeutic potential. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, GA-13-6 significantly suppressed proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nitric oxide (NO), surpassing purified astilbin, a known bioactive compound found in A. chinensis. Furthermore, GA-13-6 downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), indicating an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory cascade. Remarkably, GA-13-6 exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, key players in dental caries and periodontitis, respectively. These findings suggest that complex GA-13-6 holds the potential for the treatment or prevention of periodontal and dental diseases, as well as various other inflammation-related conditions, while averting the induction of antibiotic resistance.