The effect of Jordanian essential oil from coriander seeds on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory activities using RAW 246.7 murine macrophages

• Published in: PloS one 2024-08, Vol.19 (8), p.e0297250
• Main Authors: Omar, Amin, Barakat, Muna, Alzaghari, Lujain F, Abdulrazzaq, Shaymaa B, Hasen, Eliza, Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar, Al-Najjar, Mohammad A A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-inflammatory drugs; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Assaying; Biology and Life Sciences; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cell viability; Coriandrum - chemistry; Coriandrum sativum; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Distillation; Distillation equipment; Essences and essential oils industry; Essential oils; Fluorescence; Food plants; Free radicals; Immunostimulation; Inflammation; Jordan; Lymphocytes T; Macrophages; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - metabolism; Medicinal plants; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mice; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Oils & fats; Oils, Volatile - chemistry; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology; Oxidative stress; Penicillin; Phagocytosis; Phagocytosis - drug effects; Physical Sciences; RAW 264.7 Cells; Research and analysis methods; Scavenging; Seeds; Seeds - chemistry; Stain; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297250

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a member of the Umbelliferae/Apiaceae family and one of the well-known essential oil-containing plants, in which the seeds are used in traditional medicine, and as flavoring in food preparation. Knowing the diverse chemical components of different parts of the plant, this work aims to investigate the antioxidant, the anti-inflammatory, and the immunostimulatory modulator effects of the Jordanian C. sativum's seed extracted essential oil (JCEO). Coriander oil extract was prepared by hydro-distillation method using the Clevenger apparatus. Different concentrations of coriander oil were examined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, MTT assay, pro-inflammatory cytokine (Tumor Necrosis Factor-TNF-alpha) production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages in addition, scratch-wound assessment, NO level examination, Th1/Th2 assay, phagocytosis assay, and fluorescence imaging using DAPI stain were conducted. JCEO had a potential metabolic enhancer effect at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL on cell viability with anti-inflammatory activities via increasing cytokines like IL-10, IL-4, and limiting NO, INF-γ, and TNF-α release into cell supernatant. Antioxidant activity was seen significantly at higher concentrations of JCEO reaching 98.7% when using 100mg/mL and minimally reaching 50% at 12.5mg/mL of the essential oil. Treated macrophages were able to attain full scratch closure after 48-hrs at concentrations below 0.3mg/mL. The seed-extracted JCEO showed significant free radical scavenging activity even at lower dilutions. It also significantly induced an anti-inflammatory effect via an increase in the release of cytokines but reduced the LPS-induced NO and TNF-α production at 0.16-0.3mg/mL. In summary, coriander essential oil demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory effects, showcasing its therapeutic potential at specific concentrations. The findings underscore its safety and metabolic enhancement properties, emphasizing its promising role in promoting cellular health.