ACE gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hypertension in a Jordanian adult population

• Published in: PloS one 2024-06, Vol.19 (6), p.e0304271
• Main Authors: Al-Eitan, Laith, Al-Khaldi, Sara, Ibdah, Rasheed K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ACE protein; Ace1 gene; ACE2; Adult; Adults; Aged; Angiotensin; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - genetics; Antihypertensives; Blood pressure; Case-Control Studies; Chronic kidney failure; Clinics; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Disease susceptibility; DNA microarrays; Endocrine system; Environmental risk; Enzymes; Female; Females; Gender; Gene expression; Gene Frequency; Gene polymorphism; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Genotyping; Haplotypes; Health risk assessment; Hospitals; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - genetics; Informed consent; Jordan - epidemiology; Kidney diseases; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Middle Aged; Pathogenesis; Patients; Peptidyl-dipeptidase A; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - genetics; Polymerase chain reaction; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population; Population genetics; Population studies; Renin; Risk factors; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Vascular diseases
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304271

Hypertension is one of the most common and complicated disorders associated with genetic and environmental risk factors. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is important in the renin-angiotensin-system pathway. The gene expression of ACE has been investigated as a possible hypertension marker. This study investigates the association between polymorphisms within the ACE1 and ACE2 genes and hypertension susceptibility in a Jordanian population. The study comprised a total of 200 hypertensive patients and 180 healthy controls. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to genotype the candidate polymorphism (rs4646994) of the ACE1gene. The Luminex DNA array technique was used for genotyping SNPs (rs4359, rs4344, rs4341, rs4343, and rs2106809) of the ACE1 and ACE2 genes. Our findings suggest no association between SNPs and hypertension regarding allelic and genotypic frequencies. However, rs4359 was significantly associated with diet (pP = 0.049), know HTN (P = 0.042), and number of years DM (P = 0.003). rs4341 was associated with diet (P = 0.032), peripheral vascular disease (P = 0.005), and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.049). While rs4343 was associated with diet (P = 0.031), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.032), and other medication (P = 0.025). Furthermore, the haplotypes of four SNPs of the ACE1 gene showed no significant association with HTN patients and healthy controls. Our findings indicate no association between the polymorphisms in the ACE gene and the risk of hypertension development in the Jordanian adult population.