Determinants of glycemic control among persons living with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a district hospital in Ghana

• Published in: PloS one 2024-11, Vol.19 (11), p.e0308046
• Main Authors: Adjei, Alexander, Brightson, Kennedy Tettey Coffie, Mensah, Michael Matey, Osei, Jemima, Drah, Moses, Narh, Clement Tetteh, Asare, Kwabena, Anto, Francis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Analysis; Automation; Biology and life sciences; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Blood sugar monitoring; Body mass index; Care and treatment; Cartilage; Complications and side effects; Confidence intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data collection; Demographic aspects; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes therapy; Disease management; Eating; Eating behavior; Emergency medical services; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Female; Ghana - epidemiology; Glycated Hemoglobin - analysis; Glycated Hemoglobin - metabolism; Glycemic Control; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Hemoglobin; Hospitals; Hospitals, District; Humans; Hypoglycemic agents; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Lifestyles; Male; Meals; Medical research; Medicine and health sciences; Medicine, Experimental; Methods; Middle Aged; Patient compliance; Patients; People and Places; Population; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Primary care; Public health; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Sociodemographics; Statistical analysis; Type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308046

Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health emergency with prevalence in sub-Sahara Africa expected to experience the highest increase by 2045. Glycemic control is central to diabetes management, but it is influenced by various factors. This study determines the level of glycemic control and the associated individual factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Shai-Osudoku District Hospital from 9th November to 15th December 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle modifications, co-morbidities, adherence to medication and diet regimens and duration of diabetes. Anthropometric and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements were taken. Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with glycemic control at 95% confidence levels. A total of 227 patients participated in this study. The majority of the participants were females (77.97%) and the mean (+SD) age was 60.76 + 12.12 years. Good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) among the participants was 38.77% (n = 88) and the median HbA1c was 7.5% (IQR: 6.5% to 9.4%). Significant factors associated with good glycemic control were eating healthy meals (AOR: 4.78, 95% CI: 1.65, 13.88: p = 0.004), oral hypoglycemic agents alone (AOR: 15.71, 95% CI: 1.90, 129.44: p = 0.010) and those with previously good glycemic control (AOR: 4.27, 95% CI: 2.16, 8.43: