Effect of [beta]-hydroxy-[beta]-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women

• Published in: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2004-05, Vol.20 (5), p.445
• Main Authors: Flakoll, Paul, Sharp, Rick, Baier, Shawn, Levenhagen, Deanna, Carr, Christopher, Nissen, Steven
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino acids; Metabolism; Muscular system; Nutrition; Protein synthesis; Proteins; Tracer techniques; Womens health
• ISSN: 0899-9007; 1873-1244
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.01.009

With advancing age, there is a gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The current studies were conducted to determine whether a mixture of specific nutrients, arginine and lysine, which support protein synthesis, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), which can slow protein breakdown, could blunt the gradual loss of muscle that occurs in the elderly, thus improving strength and functionality. In double-blind studies conducted at two separate sites, women (mean 76.7 y) were randomized to a placebo group (n = 23) or an experimental treatment group (2 g β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, 5 g arginine, and 1.5 g lysine daily; n = 27). After 12 wk, there was a 17% improvement in the "get-up-and-go" functionality test in the experimental group (-2.3 ± 0.5 s) but no change in the placebo group (0.0 ± 0.5 s; P = 0.002). The improvement in functionality also was reflected by increased limb circumference, leg strength, and handgrip strength (all P < 0.05) and positive trends in fat-free mass (P = 0.08). Whole-body protein synthesis, estimated with the 15 N-glycine tracer technique over a 24-h free-living period, increased approximately 20% in the experimental treatment group as opposed to the placebo group (P = 0.03). These studies indicated that daily supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine for 12 wk positively alters measurements of functionality, strength, fat-free mass, and protein synthesis, suggesting that the strategy of targeted nutrition has the ability to affect muscle health in elderly women.