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The significance of the prepubertal diabetes duration for the development of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes
Objective: A Danish nationwide prospective cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was followed for 8 years to study the effect of the prepubertal duration of diabetes on early retinopathy and elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) (>20 μg/min). Research Design and Methods: In 1989...
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| Published in: | Journal of diabetes and its complications 2004-05, Vol.18 (3), p.160-164 |
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| container_title | Journal of diabetes and its complications |
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| creator | Olsen, Birthe S. Sjølie, Anne Katrin Hougaard, Philip Johannesen, Jesper Marinelli, Karin Jacobsen, Bent Brock Mortensen, Henrik B. |
| description | Objective: A Danish nationwide prospective cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was followed for 8 years to study the effect of the prepubertal duration of diabetes on early retinopathy and elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) (>20 μg/min). Research Design and Methods: In 1989, blood glucose control (HbA1c) and AER was investigated in approximately 80% of all Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A cohort of 339 young patients were restudied in 1995 including physical examination, demographic data, HbA1c, AER, and fundus photography with central reading. Among the patients, a number of 304 had a prepubertal onset of diabetes defined as an onset age less than 11.7 years in girls and 12.9 years in boys. Microalbuminuria was defined as an AER of 20–150 μg min−1 and macroalbuminuria as AER >150 μg min−1 in two out of three timed overnight urine samples. Results: At the follow-up in 1995–1996, no patients were younger than 12 years of age. The prevalence of any level of retinopathy was 17.7% in the age group 12–15 years, 45.4% from 16 to 20 years, and increased to 67.6% in patients more than 20 years of age. Diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated to poor long-term metabolic control (HbA1c) (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S1056-8727(03)00073-4 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_1030093497</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S1056872703000734</els_id><sourcerecordid>2718883711</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-3f383a30737e0d88c707ab1ef081c78846b05c7155219f1e388df2417d80c8f73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc-OFCEQxonRuH_0ETQkXvTQWgxNw5yM2ehqsokH18QboaFw2MxAC_SaeQTfWnpm1KMnPiq_-ir1FSHPGLxmwIY3XxiIoVNyJV8CfwUAknf9A3LO1CIG-Paw6T_IGbko5a5BgxDsMTljgvWCr-Q5-XW7QVrC9xh8sCZapMnT2mpTxmkeMVezpS6YESsW6uZsakiR-pQPlMN73KZph7EujRlriGkydbOnJjoacdrk0z9E2kRoZKE_Q93Qup-Qsr_mT8gjb7YFn57eS_L1w_vbq4_dzefrT1fvbjrLhaod91xxw9u6EsEpZSVIMzL0oJiVSvXDCMJKJsSKrT1DrpTzq55Jp8AqL_kleXH0nXL6MWOp-i7NObaRmgEHWPN-vVDiSNmcSsno9ZTDzuR9g_RyAH04gF7S1cD14QC6b33PT-7zuEP3r-uUeAPeHgFsO94HzLrYFopFFzLaql0K_xnxG8a6lrs</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1030093497</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The significance of the prepubertal diabetes duration for the development of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes</title><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection</source><creator>Olsen, Birthe S. ; Sjølie, Anne Katrin ; Hougaard, Philip ; Johannesen, Jesper ; Marinelli, Karin ; Jacobsen, Bent Brock ; Mortensen, Henrik B.</creator><creatorcontrib>Olsen, Birthe S. ; Sjølie, Anne Katrin ; Hougaard, Philip ; Johannesen, Jesper ; Marinelli, Karin ; Jacobsen, Bent Brock ; Mortensen, Henrik B. ; the Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood ; Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood</creatorcontrib><description>Objective: A Danish nationwide prospective cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was followed for 8 years to study the effect of the prepubertal duration of diabetes on early retinopathy and elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) (>20 μg/min). Research Design and Methods: In 1989, blood glucose control (HbA1c) and AER was investigated in approximately 80% of all Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A cohort of 339 young patients were restudied in 1995 including physical examination, demographic data, HbA1c, AER, and fundus photography with central reading. Among the patients, a number of 304 had a prepubertal onset of diabetes defined as an onset age less than 11.7 years in girls and 12.9 years in boys. Microalbuminuria was defined as an AER of 20–150 μg min−1 and macroalbuminuria as AER >150 μg min−1 in two out of three timed overnight urine samples. Results: At the follow-up in 1995–1996, no patients were younger than 12 years of age. The prevalence of any level of retinopathy was 17.7% in the age group 12–15 years, 45.4% from 16 to 20 years, and increased to 67.6% in patients more than 20 years of age. Diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated to poor long-term metabolic control (HbA1c) (P<.0001) and to diabetes duration both in patients with a prepubertal onset of disease as well as patients with a pubertal (P<.001) onset of disease. However, the pubertal diabetes duration contributed two times more than the prepubertal diabetes duration. Mean postpubertal diabetes duration to any retinopathy was significantly shorter (9.4 years) in patients with prepubertal onset of the disease compared to patients with postpubertal onset (11.8 years) (P=.0004). In total, the prevalence of elevated AER (>20 μg/min) increased from 4% in 1989 to 13% in 1995. None of the patients younger than 15 years of age had elevated AER, while the prevalence of elevated AER was about 14% from 15 years of age and onwards. Elevated AER in 1995 was significantly related to long-term metabolic control (P<.001) and elevated AER in the preceding years (P<.001) but was not correlated to diabetes duration neither before nor after the age of 12 years. Conclusion: The prepubertal diabetes duration is significantly associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. The period, however, contributes less compared to the years after puberty. In concert with other studies, we found no association between raised AER and diabetes duration. This may be explained by the fact that other factors are more significant and dilute the significance of diabetes duration. Nonetheless, it seems prudent to optimise blood glucose control irrespective of age.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1056-8727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-460X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S1056-8727(03)00073-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15145327</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Albuminuria - complications ; Albuminuria - physiopathology ; Blood pressure ; Child ; Children & youth ; Cohort Studies ; Confidence intervals ; Denmark - epidemiology ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies - complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies - epidemiology ; Diabetic nephropathy ; Diabetic retinopathy ; Diabetic Retinopathy - complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forecasting ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - adverse effects ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - chemistry ; Glycosylated haemoglobin ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Pre-pubertal diabetes duration ; Prospective Studies ; Puberty - physiology ; Studies ; Teenagers ; Time Factors ; Type 1 diabetes</subject><ispartof>Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2004-05, Vol.18 (3), p.160-164</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-3f383a30737e0d88c707ab1ef081c78846b05c7155219f1e388df2417d80c8f73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-3f383a30737e0d88c707ab1ef081c78846b05c7155219f1e388df2417d80c8f73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15145327$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Olsen, Birthe S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sjølie, Anne Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hougaard, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johannesen, Jesper</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marinelli, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobsen, Bent Brock</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortensen, Henrik B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood</creatorcontrib><title>The significance of the prepubertal diabetes duration for the development of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes</title><title>Journal of diabetes and its complications</title><addtitle>J Diabetes Complications</addtitle><description>Objective: A Danish nationwide prospective cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was followed for 8 years to study the effect of the prepubertal duration of diabetes on early retinopathy and elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) (>20 μg/min). Research Design and Methods: In 1989, blood glucose control (HbA1c) and AER was investigated in approximately 80% of all Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A cohort of 339 young patients were restudied in 1995 including physical examination, demographic data, HbA1c, AER, and fundus photography with central reading. Among the patients, a number of 304 had a prepubertal onset of diabetes defined as an onset age less than 11.7 years in girls and 12.9 years in boys. Microalbuminuria was defined as an AER of 20–150 μg min−1 and macroalbuminuria as AER >150 μg min−1 in two out of three timed overnight urine samples. Results: At the follow-up in 1995–1996, no patients were younger than 12 years of age. The prevalence of any level of retinopathy was 17.7% in the age group 12–15 years, 45.4% from 16 to 20 years, and increased to 67.6% in patients more than 20 years of age. Diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated to poor long-term metabolic control (HbA1c) (P<.0001) and to diabetes duration both in patients with a prepubertal onset of disease as well as patients with a pubertal (P<.001) onset of disease. However, the pubertal diabetes duration contributed two times more than the prepubertal diabetes duration. Mean postpubertal diabetes duration to any retinopathy was significantly shorter (9.4 years) in patients with prepubertal onset of the disease compared to patients with postpubertal onset (11.8 years) (P=.0004). In total, the prevalence of elevated AER (>20 μg/min) increased from 4% in 1989 to 13% in 1995. None of the patients younger than 15 years of age had elevated AER, while the prevalence of elevated AER was about 14% from 15 years of age and onwards. Elevated AER in 1995 was significantly related to long-term metabolic control (P<.001) and elevated AER in the preceding years (P<.001) but was not correlated to diabetes duration neither before nor after the age of 12 years. Conclusion: The prepubertal diabetes duration is significantly associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. The period, however, contributes less compared to the years after puberty. In concert with other studies, we found no association between raised AER and diabetes duration. This may be explained by the fact that other factors are more significant and dilute the significance of diabetes duration. Nonetheless, it seems prudent to optimise blood glucose control irrespective of age.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age of Onset</subject><subject>Albuminuria - complications</subject><subject>Albuminuria - physiopathology</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Denmark - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology</subject><subject>Diabetic Nephropathies - complications</subject><subject>Diabetic Nephropathies - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetic nephropathy</subject><subject>Diabetic retinopathy</subject><subject>Diabetic Retinopathy - complications</subject><subject>Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Forecasting</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - adverse effects</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - chemistry</subject><subject>Glycosylated haemoglobin</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pre-pubertal diabetes duration</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Puberty - physiology</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Type 1 diabetes</subject><issn>1056-8727</issn><issn>1873-460X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkc-OFCEQxonRuH_0ETQkXvTQWgxNw5yM2ehqsokH18QboaFw2MxAC_SaeQTfWnpm1KMnPiq_-ir1FSHPGLxmwIY3XxiIoVNyJV8CfwUAknf9A3LO1CIG-Paw6T_IGbko5a5BgxDsMTljgvWCr-Q5-XW7QVrC9xh8sCZapMnT2mpTxmkeMVezpS6YESsW6uZsakiR-pQPlMN73KZph7EujRlriGkydbOnJjoacdrk0z9E2kRoZKE_Q93Qup-Qsr_mT8gjb7YFn57eS_L1w_vbq4_dzefrT1fvbjrLhaod91xxw9u6EsEpZSVIMzL0oJiVSvXDCMJKJsSKrT1DrpTzq55Jp8AqL_kleXH0nXL6MWOp-i7NObaRmgEHWPN-vVDiSNmcSsno9ZTDzuR9g_RyAH04gF7S1cD14QC6b33PT-7zuEP3r-uUeAPeHgFsO94HzLrYFopFFzLaql0K_xnxG8a6lrs</recordid><startdate>200405</startdate><enddate>200405</enddate><creator>Olsen, Birthe S.</creator><creator>Sjølie, Anne Katrin</creator><creator>Hougaard, Philip</creator><creator>Johannesen, Jesper</creator><creator>Marinelli, Karin</creator><creator>Jacobsen, Bent Brock</creator><creator>Mortensen, Henrik B.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200405</creationdate><title>The significance of the prepubertal diabetes duration for the development of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes</title><author>Olsen, Birthe S. ; Sjølie, Anne Katrin ; Hougaard, Philip ; Johannesen, Jesper ; Marinelli, Karin ; Jacobsen, Bent Brock ; Mortensen, Henrik B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-3f383a30737e0d88c707ab1ef081c78846b05c7155219f1e388df2417d80c8f73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age of Onset</topic><topic>Albuminuria - complications</topic><topic>Albuminuria - physiopathology</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Denmark - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology</topic><topic>Diabetic Nephropathies - complications</topic><topic>Diabetic Nephropathies - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetic nephropathy</topic><topic>Diabetic retinopathy</topic><topic>Diabetic Retinopathy - complications</topic><topic>Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Forecasting</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - adverse effects</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - chemistry</topic><topic>Glycosylated haemoglobin</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pre-pubertal diabetes duration</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Puberty - physiology</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Type 1 diabetes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Olsen, Birthe S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sjølie, Anne Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hougaard, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johannesen, Jesper</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marinelli, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobsen, Bent Brock</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortensen, Henrik B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of diabetes and its complications</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Olsen, Birthe S.</au><au>Sjølie, Anne Katrin</au><au>Hougaard, Philip</au><au>Johannesen, Jesper</au><au>Marinelli, Karin</au><au>Jacobsen, Bent Brock</au><au>Mortensen, Henrik B.</au><aucorp>the Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood</aucorp><aucorp>Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The significance of the prepubertal diabetes duration for the development of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of diabetes and its complications</jtitle><addtitle>J Diabetes Complications</addtitle><date>2004-05</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>160</spage><epage>164</epage><pages>160-164</pages><issn>1056-8727</issn><eissn>1873-460X</eissn><abstract>Objective: A Danish nationwide prospective cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was followed for 8 years to study the effect of the prepubertal duration of diabetes on early retinopathy and elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) (>20 μg/min). Research Design and Methods: In 1989, blood glucose control (HbA1c) and AER was investigated in approximately 80% of all Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A cohort of 339 young patients were restudied in 1995 including physical examination, demographic data, HbA1c, AER, and fundus photography with central reading. Among the patients, a number of 304 had a prepubertal onset of diabetes defined as an onset age less than 11.7 years in girls and 12.9 years in boys. Microalbuminuria was defined as an AER of 20–150 μg min−1 and macroalbuminuria as AER >150 μg min−1 in two out of three timed overnight urine samples. Results: At the follow-up in 1995–1996, no patients were younger than 12 years of age. The prevalence of any level of retinopathy was 17.7% in the age group 12–15 years, 45.4% from 16 to 20 years, and increased to 67.6% in patients more than 20 years of age. Diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated to poor long-term metabolic control (HbA1c) (P<.0001) and to diabetes duration both in patients with a prepubertal onset of disease as well as patients with a pubertal (P<.001) onset of disease. However, the pubertal diabetes duration contributed two times more than the prepubertal diabetes duration. Mean postpubertal diabetes duration to any retinopathy was significantly shorter (9.4 years) in patients with prepubertal onset of the disease compared to patients with postpubertal onset (11.8 years) (P=.0004). In total, the prevalence of elevated AER (>20 μg/min) increased from 4% in 1989 to 13% in 1995. None of the patients younger than 15 years of age had elevated AER, while the prevalence of elevated AER was about 14% from 15 years of age and onwards. Elevated AER in 1995 was significantly related to long-term metabolic control (P<.001) and elevated AER in the preceding years (P<.001) but was not correlated to diabetes duration neither before nor after the age of 12 years. Conclusion: The prepubertal diabetes duration is significantly associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. The period, however, contributes less compared to the years after puberty. In concert with other studies, we found no association between raised AER and diabetes duration. This may be explained by the fact that other factors are more significant and dilute the significance of diabetes duration. Nonetheless, it seems prudent to optimise blood glucose control irrespective of age.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>15145327</pmid><doi>10.1016/S1056-8727(03)00073-4</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1056-8727 |
| ispartof | Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2004-05, Vol.18 (3), p.160-164 |
| issn | 1056-8727 1873-460X |
| language | eng |
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| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Adult Age of Onset Albuminuria - complications Albuminuria - physiopathology Blood pressure Child Children & youth Cohort Studies Confidence intervals Denmark - epidemiology Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology Diabetic Nephropathies - complications Diabetic Nephropathies - epidemiology Diabetic nephropathy Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy - complications Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies Forecasting Glycated Hemoglobin A - adverse effects Glycated Hemoglobin A - chemistry Glycosylated haemoglobin Humans Male Pediatrics Pre-pubertal diabetes duration Prospective Studies Puberty - physiology Studies Teenagers Time Factors Type 1 diabetes |
| title | The significance of the prepubertal diabetes duration for the development of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes |
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