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Analysis of hallucinogenic constituents in Amanita mushrooms circulated in Japan
The constituents of seven mushrooms sold as Amanita muscaria or Amanita pantherina (five A. muscaria and two A. pantherina) and four “extracts purported to contain A. muscaria” products that are currently circulated in Japan were determined. All mushroom samples were identified as A. muscaria or A....
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| Published in: | Forensic science international 2006-12, Vol.164 (2), p.172-178 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| container_end_page | 178 |
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 172 |
| container_title | Forensic science international |
| container_volume | 164 |
| creator | Tsujikawa, Kenji Mohri, Hiroyuki Kuwayama, Kenji Miyaguchi, Hajime Iwata, Yuko Gohda, Akinaga Fukushima, Sunao Inoue, Hiroyuki Kishi, Tohru |
| description | The constituents of seven mushrooms sold as
Amanita muscaria or
Amanita pantherina (five
A. muscaria and two
A. pantherina) and four “extracts purported to contain
A. muscaria” products that are currently circulated in Japan were determined. All mushroom samples were identified as
A. muscaria or
A. pantherina by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The dissociative constituents, ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS), were extracted with 70% methanol twice and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The IBO (as the hydrate)/MUS contents were in the range of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.01.004 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_1033832769</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A156361167</galeid><els_id>S0379073806000090</els_id><sourcerecordid>A156361167</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-addc4cff4b2f9765f6d7c879621e3ca09787be202e336a799cd5b7d72a1f28013</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkV2L1DAUhoMo7uzqX9CCeNmajzZJL8uirrKgF3odMifJboY2GZNU2H9vhhkchAHJRSB53pxz8iD0luCOYMI_7DoXUwbvQ-koxrzDpMO4f4Y2RAracirZc7TBTIwtFkxeoeucdxjjYaD8JboivOf9MJAN-j4FPT9ln5vomkc9zyv4EB9s8NBADLn4stpQcuNDMy06-KKbZc2PKcYlN-ATrLMu1hzuv-q9Dq_QC6fnbF-f9hv089PHH7d37f23z19up_sWhlGWVhsDPTjXb6kbBR8cNwKkGDklloHGo5BiaymmljGuxTiCGbbCCKqJoxITdoPeHd_dp_hrtbmoXVxTHSYrghmTjAo-nqkHPVvlg4slaVh8BjWRgTNOCBeVai9Q9RNs0nMM1vl6_A_fXeDrMnbxcDEgjgFIMedkndonv-j0VHtVB6Fqp_4KVQehChNVhdbkm9OY63ax5pw7GazA-xOgM-jZJR3A5zMne0xIf-CmI2erlN_eJlWr2QDW-GShKBP9f5v5Awf-wWA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1033832769</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Analysis of hallucinogenic constituents in Amanita mushrooms circulated in Japan</title><source>ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Tsujikawa, Kenji ; Mohri, Hiroyuki ; Kuwayama, Kenji ; Miyaguchi, Hajime ; Iwata, Yuko ; Gohda, Akinaga ; Fukushima, Sunao ; Inoue, Hiroyuki ; Kishi, Tohru</creator><creatorcontrib>Tsujikawa, Kenji ; Mohri, Hiroyuki ; Kuwayama, Kenji ; Miyaguchi, Hajime ; Iwata, Yuko ; Gohda, Akinaga ; Fukushima, Sunao ; Inoue, Hiroyuki ; Kishi, Tohru</creatorcontrib><description>The constituents of seven mushrooms sold as
Amanita muscaria or
Amanita pantherina (five
A. muscaria and two
A. pantherina) and four “extracts purported to contain
A. muscaria” products that are currently circulated in Japan were determined. All mushroom samples were identified as
A. muscaria or
A. pantherina by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The dissociative constituents, ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS), were extracted with 70% methanol twice and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The IBO (as the hydrate)/MUS contents were in the range of <10–2845
ppm/46–1052
ppm in the cap of
A. muscaria and 188–269
ppm/1554–1880
ppm in the cap of
A. pantherina. In the caps, these compounds had a tendency to be more concentrated in the flesh than in the cuticle. On the other hand, the IBO/MUS contents in the stem were far lower than in the caps. In the “extracts purported to contain
A. muscaria” products, IBO/MUS were detected below the lower limit of calibration curve (<10
ppm/<25
ppm) or not detected. However, these samples contained other psychoactive compounds, such as psychoactive tryptamines (5-methoxy-
N,N-diisopropyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-
N,N-dimethyltryptamine), reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (harmine and harmaline) and tropane alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine), which were not quantified. This is the first report of the chemical analysis of
Amanita mushrooms that are circulated in the drug market.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0379-0738</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-6283</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.01.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16464551</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FSINDR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Amanita - chemistry ; Amanita muscaria ; Amanita pantherina ; Atropine - analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Calibration ; Causes of ; Chemicals ; Chromatography ; Drunkenness (Criminal law) ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - analysis ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - chemistry ; Forensic medicine ; Forensic sciences ; Forensic Toxicology ; GABA Agonists - analysis ; GABA Agonists - chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; GC/MS ; General aspects ; Harmaline - analysis ; Harmine - analysis ; Ibotenic acid ; Ibotenic Acid - analysis ; Ibotenic Acid - chemistry ; Internet ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Japan ; Medical sciences ; Molecular Structure ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - analysis ; Muscarinic Antagonists - analysis ; Muscimol ; Muscimol - analysis ; Muscimol - chemistry ; Mushrooms ; Mushrooms, Hallucinogenic ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide - analysis ; Tryptamines - analysis</subject><ispartof>Forensic science international, 2006-12, Vol.164 (2), p.172-178</ispartof><rights>2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2006 The Lancet Publishing Group, a division of Elsevier Science Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-addc4cff4b2f9765f6d7c879621e3ca09787be202e336a799cd5b7d72a1f28013</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-addc4cff4b2f9765f6d7c879621e3ca09787be202e336a799cd5b7d72a1f28013</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18401141$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16464551$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tsujikawa, Kenji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohri, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuwayama, Kenji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyaguchi, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwata, Yuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gohda, Akinaga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fukushima, Sunao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inoue, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kishi, Tohru</creatorcontrib><title>Analysis of hallucinogenic constituents in Amanita mushrooms circulated in Japan</title><title>Forensic science international</title><addtitle>Forensic Sci Int</addtitle><description>The constituents of seven mushrooms sold as
Amanita muscaria or
Amanita pantherina (five
A. muscaria and two
A. pantherina) and four “extracts purported to contain
A. muscaria” products that are currently circulated in Japan were determined. All mushroom samples were identified as
A. muscaria or
A. pantherina by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The dissociative constituents, ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS), were extracted with 70% methanol twice and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The IBO (as the hydrate)/MUS contents were in the range of <10–2845
ppm/46–1052
ppm in the cap of
A. muscaria and 188–269
ppm/1554–1880
ppm in the cap of
A. pantherina. In the caps, these compounds had a tendency to be more concentrated in the flesh than in the cuticle. On the other hand, the IBO/MUS contents in the stem were far lower than in the caps. In the “extracts purported to contain
A. muscaria” products, IBO/MUS were detected below the lower limit of calibration curve (<10
ppm/<25
ppm) or not detected. However, these samples contained other psychoactive compounds, such as psychoactive tryptamines (5-methoxy-
N,N-diisopropyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-
N,N-dimethyltryptamine), reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (harmine and harmaline) and tropane alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine), which were not quantified. This is the first report of the chemical analysis of
Amanita mushrooms that are circulated in the drug market.</description><subject>Amanita - chemistry</subject><subject>Amanita muscaria</subject><subject>Amanita pantherina</subject><subject>Atropine - analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Causes of</subject><subject>Chemicals</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Drunkenness (Criminal law)</subject><subject>Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - analysis</subject><subject>Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - chemistry</subject><subject>Forensic medicine</subject><subject>Forensic sciences</subject><subject>Forensic Toxicology</subject><subject>GABA Agonists - analysis</subject><subject>GABA Agonists - chemistry</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>GC/MS</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Harmaline - analysis</subject><subject>Harmine - analysis</subject><subject>Ibotenic acid</subject><subject>Ibotenic Acid - analysis</subject><subject>Ibotenic Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Internet</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Molecular Structure</subject><subject>Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - analysis</subject><subject>Muscarinic Antagonists - analysis</subject><subject>Muscimol</subject><subject>Muscimol - analysis</subject><subject>Muscimol - chemistry</subject><subject>Mushrooms</subject><subject>Mushrooms, Hallucinogenic</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Scopolamine Hydrobromide - analysis</subject><subject>Tryptamines - analysis</subject><issn>0379-0738</issn><issn>1872-6283</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkV2L1DAUhoMo7uzqX9CCeNmajzZJL8uirrKgF3odMifJboY2GZNU2H9vhhkchAHJRSB53pxz8iD0luCOYMI_7DoXUwbvQ-koxrzDpMO4f4Y2RAracirZc7TBTIwtFkxeoeucdxjjYaD8JboivOf9MJAN-j4FPT9ln5vomkc9zyv4EB9s8NBADLn4stpQcuNDMy06-KKbZc2PKcYlN-ATrLMu1hzuv-q9Dq_QC6fnbF-f9hv089PHH7d37f23z19up_sWhlGWVhsDPTjXb6kbBR8cNwKkGDklloHGo5BiaymmljGuxTiCGbbCCKqJoxITdoPeHd_dp_hrtbmoXVxTHSYrghmTjAo-nqkHPVvlg4slaVh8BjWRgTNOCBeVai9Q9RNs0nMM1vl6_A_fXeDrMnbxcDEgjgFIMedkndonv-j0VHtVB6Fqp_4KVQehChNVhdbkm9OY63ax5pw7GazA-xOgM-jZJR3A5zMne0xIf-CmI2erlN_eJlWr2QDW-GShKBP9f5v5Awf-wWA</recordid><startdate>20061220</startdate><enddate>20061220</enddate><creator>Tsujikawa, Kenji</creator><creator>Mohri, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Kuwayama, Kenji</creator><creator>Miyaguchi, Hajime</creator><creator>Iwata, Yuko</creator><creator>Gohda, Akinaga</creator><creator>Fukushima, Sunao</creator><creator>Inoue, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Kishi, Tohru</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>The Lancet Publishing Group, a division of Elsevier Science Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ILT</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20061220</creationdate><title>Analysis of hallucinogenic constituents in Amanita mushrooms circulated in Japan</title><author>Tsujikawa, Kenji ; Mohri, Hiroyuki ; Kuwayama, Kenji ; Miyaguchi, Hajime ; Iwata, Yuko ; Gohda, Akinaga ; Fukushima, Sunao ; Inoue, Hiroyuki ; Kishi, Tohru</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-addc4cff4b2f9765f6d7c879621e3ca09787be202e336a799cd5b7d72a1f28013</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Amanita - chemistry</topic><topic>Amanita muscaria</topic><topic>Amanita pantherina</topic><topic>Atropine - analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Causes of</topic><topic>Chemicals</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Drunkenness (Criminal law)</topic><topic>Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - analysis</topic><topic>Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - chemistry</topic><topic>Forensic medicine</topic><topic>Forensic sciences</topic><topic>Forensic Toxicology</topic><topic>GABA Agonists - analysis</topic><topic>GABA Agonists - chemistry</topic><topic>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>GC/MS</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Harmaline - analysis</topic><topic>Harmine - analysis</topic><topic>Ibotenic acid</topic><topic>Ibotenic Acid - analysis</topic><topic>Ibotenic Acid - chemistry</topic><topic>Internet</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Japan</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Molecular Structure</topic><topic>Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - analysis</topic><topic>Muscarinic Antagonists - analysis</topic><topic>Muscimol</topic><topic>Muscimol - analysis</topic><topic>Muscimol - chemistry</topic><topic>Mushrooms</topic><topic>Mushrooms, Hallucinogenic</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. 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Amanita muscaria or
Amanita pantherina (five
A. muscaria and two
A. pantherina) and four “extracts purported to contain
A. muscaria” products that are currently circulated in Japan were determined. All mushroom samples were identified as
A. muscaria or
A. pantherina by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The dissociative constituents, ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS), were extracted with 70% methanol twice and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The IBO (as the hydrate)/MUS contents were in the range of <10–2845
ppm/46–1052
ppm in the cap of
A. muscaria and 188–269
ppm/1554–1880
ppm in the cap of
A. pantherina. In the caps, these compounds had a tendency to be more concentrated in the flesh than in the cuticle. On the other hand, the IBO/MUS contents in the stem were far lower than in the caps. In the “extracts purported to contain
A. muscaria” products, IBO/MUS were detected below the lower limit of calibration curve (<10
ppm/<25
ppm) or not detected. However, these samples contained other psychoactive compounds, such as psychoactive tryptamines (5-methoxy-
N,N-diisopropyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-
N,N-dimethyltryptamine), reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (harmine and harmaline) and tropane alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine), which were not quantified. This is the first report of the chemical analysis of
Amanita mushrooms that are circulated in the drug market.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>16464551</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.01.004</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0379-0738 |
| ispartof | Forensic science international, 2006-12, Vol.164 (2), p.172-178 |
| issn | 0379-0738 1872-6283 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_1033832769 |
| source | ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Amanita - chemistry Amanita muscaria Amanita pantherina Atropine - analysis Biological and medical sciences Calibration Causes of Chemicals Chromatography Drunkenness (Criminal law) Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - analysis Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - chemistry Forensic medicine Forensic sciences Forensic Toxicology GABA Agonists - analysis GABA Agonists - chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC/MS General aspects Harmaline - analysis Harmine - analysis Ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid - analysis Ibotenic Acid - chemistry Internet Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Japan Medical sciences Molecular Structure Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - analysis Muscarinic Antagonists - analysis Muscimol Muscimol - analysis Muscimol - chemistry Mushrooms Mushrooms, Hallucinogenic Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Scopolamine Hydrobromide - analysis Tryptamines - analysis |
| title | Analysis of hallucinogenic constituents in Amanita mushrooms circulated in Japan |
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