Quantitative LC–MS determination of strychnine in urine after ingestion of a Strychnos nux-vomica preparation and its consequences in doping control

A simple, fast and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of strychnine residues in urine has been developed and validated. The method consists of a liquid–liquid extraction step with ethyl acetate at pH 9.2, followed by LC–MS/MS in positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APC...

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Published in:Forensic science international 2006-12, Vol.164 (2), p.159-163
Main Authors: Van Eenoo, P., Deventer, K., Roels, K., Delbeke, F.T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Analysis
Analytical chemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Calibration
Chromatography
Doping
Doping in Sports
Drugs and athletes
Excretion
Forensic medicine
Forensic sciences
Forensic Toxicology
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
General aspects
Homeopathic medicine
Humans
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Liquid chromatography
Male
Mass spectrometry
Medical sciences
Methods
Nalorphine - urine
Narcotic Antagonists - urine
Narcotics - urine
Nonprescription Drugs - administration & dosage
Nonprescription Drugs - chemistry
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Seeds
Strychnine
Strychnine - urine
Strychnos nux-vomica - chemistry
Substance Abuse Detection - methods
Urine
Volunteers
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creator Van Eenoo, P.
Deventer, K.
Roels, K.
Delbeke, F.T.
description A simple, fast and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of strychnine residues in urine has been developed and validated. The method consists of a liquid–liquid extraction step with ethyl acetate at pH 9.2, followed by LC–MS/MS in positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-mode. The method is linear in the range of 1–100 ng/mL and allows for the determination of strychnine at sub-toxicological concentrations. The accuracy of the method ranged from 1.3% to 4.4%. The method was used to determine the excretion profile of strychnine after the ingestion of an over-the-counter herbal preparation of Strychnos nux-vomica. Each volunteer ingested a dose equivalent to 380 μg of strychnine. This dose is lower than the prescription dose but results in the detection of strychnine for over 24-h post administration. Maximum detected urinary concentrations ranged from 22.6 to 176 ng/mL. The results of this study show that the use of this type of preparation by athletes can lead to a positive doping case.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.12.029
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The method consists of a liquid–liquid extraction step with ethyl acetate at pH 9.2, followed by LC–MS/MS in positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-mode. The method is linear in the range of 1–100 ng/mL and allows for the determination of strychnine at sub-toxicological concentrations. The accuracy of the method ranged from 1.3% to 4.4%. The method was used to determine the excretion profile of strychnine after the ingestion of an over-the-counter herbal preparation of Strychnos nux-vomica. Each volunteer ingested a dose equivalent to 380 μg of strychnine. This dose is lower than the prescription dose but results in the detection of strychnine for over 24-h post administration. Maximum detected urinary concentrations ranged from 22.6 to 176 ng/mL. The results of this study show that the use of this type of preparation by athletes can lead to a positive doping case.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>16448795</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.12.029</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0379-0738
ispartof Forensic science international, 2006-12, Vol.164 (2), p.159-163
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1872-6283
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source ScienceDirect Freedom Collection
subjects Acids
Analysis
Analytical chemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Calibration
Chromatography
Doping
Doping in Sports
Drugs and athletes
Excretion
Forensic medicine
Forensic sciences
Forensic Toxicology
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
General aspects
Homeopathic medicine
Humans
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Liquid chromatography
Male
Mass spectrometry
Medical sciences
Methods
Nalorphine - urine
Narcotic Antagonists - urine
Narcotics - urine
Nonprescription Drugs - administration & dosage
Nonprescription Drugs - chemistry
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Seeds
Strychnine
Strychnine - urine
Strychnos nux-vomica - chemistry
Substance Abuse Detection - methods
Urine
Volunteers
title Quantitative LC–MS determination of strychnine in urine after ingestion of a Strychnos nux-vomica preparation and its consequences in doping control
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