Simulated elliptical bioprosthetic valve deformation: Implications for asymmetric transcatheter valve deployment

• Published in: Journal of biomechanics 2010-12, Vol.43 (16), p.3085-3090
• Main Authors: Sun, Wei, Li, Kewei, Sirois, Eric
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aortic Valve; Asymmetric valve implantation; Biological and medical sciences; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bioprosthesis; Cardiac Catheterization; Computer Simulation; Computerized, statistical medical data processing and models in biomedicine; Elasticity; Finite Element Analysis; Finite element simulation; Heart valve disease; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation - methods; Humans; Hydrodynamics; In Vitro Techniques; Medical sciences; Models and simulation; Models, Cardiovascular; Orthopedic surgery; Pericardium; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Prosthesis Design; Stress, Mechanical; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
• ISSN: 0021-9290; 1873-2380
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.08.010

Abstract The asymmetric, elliptical shape of a transcatheter aortic valve (TAV), after implantation into a calcified aortic root, has been clinically observed. However, the impact of elliptical TAV configuration on TAV leaflet stress and strain distribution and valve regurgitation is largely unknown. In this study, we developed computational models of elliptical TAVs based on a thin pericardial bioprosthetic valve model recently developed. Finite element and computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to investigate TAV leaflet structural deformation and central backflow leakage, and compared with those of a nominal symmetric TAV. From the results, we found that for a distorted TAV with an elliptical eccentricity of 0.68, the peak stress increased significantly by 143% compared with the nominal circular TAV. When the eccentricity of an elliptical TAV was larger than 0.5, a central backflow leakage was likely to occur. Also, deployment of a TAV with a major calcified region perpendicular to leaflet coaptation line was likely to cause a larger valve leakage. In conclusion, the computational models of elliptical TAVs developed in this study could improve our understanding of the biomechanics involved in a TAV with an elliptical configuration and facilitate optimal design of next-generation TAV devices.