Synergistic Effects of Iridoid Glycosides on the Survival, Development and Immune Response of a Specialist Caterpillar, Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae)

Plants use a diverse mix of defenses against herbivores, including multiple secondary metabolites, which may affect herbivores synergistically. Chemical defenses also can affect natural enemies of herbivores via limiting herbivore populations or by affecting herbivore resistance or susceptibility to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of chemical ecology 2012-10, Vol.38 (10), p.1276-1284
Main Authors: Richards, Lora A., Lampert, Evan C., Bowers, M. Deane, Dodson, Craig D., Smilanich, Angela M., Dyer, Lee A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Animals
Bignoniaceae - chemistry
Bignoniaceae - growth & development
Biochemistry
Biological Microscopy
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Butterflies & moths
Butterflies - drug effects
Butterflies - immunology
Butterflies - physiology
Diet
Ecology
Entomology
Feeding Behavior
Flame Ionization
Flowers & plants
Food Chain
Herbivores
Immune response
Immune system
Iridoid Glucosides - pharmacology
Larva - drug effects
Larva - immunology
Larva - physiology
Life Sciences
Metabolites
Plantago - chemistry
Plantago - growth & development
Secondary metabolites
Synergistic effect
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Summary:Plants use a diverse mix of defenses against herbivores, including multiple secondary metabolites, which may affect herbivores synergistically. Chemical defenses also can affect natural enemies of herbivores via limiting herbivore populations or by affecting herbivore resistance or susceptibility to these enemies. In this study, we conducted larval feeding experiments to examine the potential synergistic effects of iridoid glycosides (IGs) found in Plantago spp. (Plantaginaceae) on the specialist buckeye caterpillar, Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae). Caterpillars were placed on artificial diets containing different concentrations of single IGs (aucubin or catalpol alone) or combinations of the two IGs. Larval performance and immune response were recorded to test the hypothesis that IGs would have positive synergistic effects on buckeyes, which are specialists on IG plants. The positive synergistic effects that IGs had on buckeyes in our experiments included lower mortality, faster development, and higher total iridoid glycoside sequestration on mixed diets than on aucubin- or catalpol-only diets. Furthermore, we found negative synergistic effects of IGs on the immune response of buckeye caterpillars. These results demonstrate multiple synergistic effects of IGs and indicate a potential trade-off between larval performance and parasitoid resistance.
ISSN:0098-0331
1573-1561
DOI:10.1007/s10886-012-0190-y