Loading…
Trace Metal Budgets for Forested Catchments in Europeâ[euro]"Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn
Input/output budgets for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in the years 1997â[euro]"2011 were monitored and determined for 14 small forest-covered catchments across Europe as part of the Integrated Monitoring program on the effects of long-range pollutants on ecosystems. Metal inputs wer...
Saved in:
Published in: | Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2013-04, Vol.224 (4), p.1 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Summary: | Input/output budgets for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in the years 1997â[euro]"2011 were monitored and determined for 14 small forest-covered catchments across Europe as part of the Integrated Monitoring program on the effects of long-range pollutants on ecosystems. Metal inputs were considered to derive from bulk deposition, throughfall and litterfall. Outputs were estimated from run-off values. Litterfall plus throughfall was taken as a measure of the total deposition of Pb and Hg (wetâ[euro][per thousand]+â[euro][per thousand]dry) on the basis of evidence suggesting that, for these metals, internal circulation is negligible. The same is not true for Cd. Excluding a few sites with high discharge, between 74 and 94Â % of the input Pb was retained within the catchments; significant Cd retention was also observed. High losses of Pb (>1.4Â mgâ[euro][per thousand]m^sup â '2^â[euro][per thousand]year^sup â '1^) and Cd (>0.15Â mgâ[euro][per thousand]m^sup â '2^â[euro][per thousand]year^sup â '1^) were observed in two mountainous Central European sites with high water discharge. All other sites had outputs below or equal to 0.36 and 0.06Â mgâ[euro][per thousand]m^sup â '2^â[euro][per thousand]year^sup â '1^, respectively, for the two metals. Almost complete retention of Hg, 86â[euro]"99Â % of input, was reported in the Swedish sites. These high levels of metal retention were maintained even in the face of recent dramatic reductions in pollutant loads. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
---|---|
ISSN: | 0049-6979 1573-2932 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11270-013-1502-8 |