Cooperativity in light scattering by cold atoms

A cloud of cold N two‐level atoms driven by a resonant laser beam shows cooperative effects both in the scattered radiation field and in the radiation pressure force acting on the cloud center‐of‐mass. The induced dipoles synchronize and the scattered light presents superradiant and/or subradiant fe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fortschritte der Physik 2013-02, Vol.61 (2-3), p.377-392
Main Authors: Bienaimé, T., Bachelard, R., Piovella, N., Kaiser, R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atoms & subatomic particles
cold atoms
cooperativity
Dicke states
Quantum physics
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Summary:A cloud of cold N two‐level atoms driven by a resonant laser beam shows cooperative effects both in the scattered radiation field and in the radiation pressure force acting on the cloud center‐of‐mass. The induced dipoles synchronize and the scattered light presents superradiant and/or subradiant features. We present a quantum description of the process in terms of a master equation for the atomic density matrix in the scalar, Born‐Markov approximations, reduced to the single‐excitation limit. From a perturbative approach for weak incident field, we derive from the master equation the effective Hamiltonian, valid in the linear regime. We discuss the validity of the driven timed Dicke ansatz and of a partial wave expansion for different optical thicknesses and we give analytical expressions for the scattered intensity and the radiation pressure force on the center of mass. We also derive an expression for collective suppression of the atomic excitation and the scattered light by these correlated dipoles.
ISSN:0015-8208
1521-3978
DOI:10.1002/prop.201200089