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Impurity (Fe, Cl, and P)-Induced Grain Boundary and Secondary Phases in Commercially Pure Titanium (CP-Ti)
A detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study has been made of the microstructures of two as-sintered CP-Ti materials. We show that iron content at the impurity level of 1280 ppm, less than the limit (2000 ppm) for CP-Ti ASTM Grade 1, is sufficient to lead to the formation of a grain bound...
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Published in: | Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2013-08, Vol.44 (8), p.3961-3969 |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | A detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study has been made of the microstructures of two as-sintered CP-Ti materials. We show that iron content at the impurity level of 1280 ppm, less than the limit (2000 ppm) for CP-Ti ASTM Grade 1, is sufficient to lead to the formation of a grain boundary (GB) β-Ti phase in the as-sintered microstructure due to segregation. The Fe-stabilized GB β-Ti phase contains ~7 at. pct Fe and ~1.5 at. pct Cl. In addition, nano-precipitates of ω-Ti exist in the Fe-stabilized GB β-Ti phase. A phosphorus (P)-enriched Ti-P-based phase was also identified, which has a tetragonal crystal structure with lattice parameters of (
a
=
b
= 8.0 ± 0.2 Å and
c
= 2.7 ± 0.2 Å) and is new to the existing database for Ti-P-enriched phases. As-sintered CP-Ti materials are thus not necessarily a single α-Ti phase material. These impurity-induced phases may exert potential impacts on the properties of sintered CP-Ti. |
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ISSN: | 1073-5623 1543-1940 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11661-013-1720-0 |