Characteristics of Oil and Skim in Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Soybeans

• Published in: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 2013-07, Vol.90 (7), p.1079-1088
• Main Authors: de Moura Bell, J. M. L. N, Maurer, D, Yao, L, Wang, T, Jung, S, Johnson, L. A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; alpha-galactosidase; Aqueous chemistry; Aqueous extraction; Biomaterials; Biotechnology; Carbohydrate; Carbohydrates; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Enzymes; Ethanol; ethanol fermentation; Extraction processes; fatty acids; Fermentation; Food Science; fructose; galactose; glucose; grains; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Lipids; Nutritive value; Oil quality; Oils & fats; Original Paper; oxidation; Peptides; phospholipids; phosphorus; Pilot‐plant processing; Soybeans; Soybeans phospholipids profile; sucrose; Vegetable oils; viability
• ISSN: 0003-021X; 1558-9331
• DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2248-6

The economic viability of enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) of soybeans depends on properties and potential applications of all fractions (skim and insolubles as well as oil). EAEP oil contained lower free fatty acid, phosphorus, and tocopherol contents, similar unsaponifiable matter levels, and higher degrees of oxidation (peroxide and p-anisidine values) than hexane-extracted oil. The phospholipid profile of EAEP fractions was mainly composed of phosphatidic acid, followed by phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Most of phospholipids were present in the skim, except for phosphatidic acid, which was the major phospholipid in the cream fraction. Skim and cream contained 55 and 3 % of the soluble carbohydrates in the original extruded flakes, respectively. Soluble carbohydrates of the skim were mainly composed of stachyose (5.8 ± 0.8 mg/mL) and sucrose (9.9 ± 0.8 mg/mL), which were hydrolyzed into glucose, galactose, and fructose after addition of α-galactosidase. Skim and cream peptides contained