A Bounded and Discretized Nelder-Mead Algorithm Suitable for RFIC Calibration

This paper describes a calibration technique for noisy and nonconvex circuit responses based on the Nelder-Mead direct search algorithm. As Nelder-Mead is intended for unconstrained optimization problems, we present an implementation of the algorithm which is suitable for bounded and discretized RFI...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers Regular papers, 2013-07, Vol.60 (7), p.1787-1799
Main Authors: Wyers, E. J., Steer, M. B., Kelley, C. T., Franzon, P. D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Calibration
derivative-free optimization
Nelder-Mead direct search algorithm
PLL spurious tone reduction
radio frequency integrated circuit calibration
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Summary:This paper describes a calibration technique for noisy and nonconvex circuit responses based on the Nelder-Mead direct search algorithm. As Nelder-Mead is intended for unconstrained optimization problems, we present an implementation of the algorithm which is suitable for bounded and discretized RFIC calibration problems. We apply the proposed algorithm to the problem of spurious tone reduction via VCO control line ripple minimization for a PLL operating at a frequency of 12 GHz. For this nonconvex calibration test case, we show that a gradient descent-based algorithm has difficulty in reducing the VCO control line ripple, while the proposed algorithm reduces the relative power of the first harmonic reference spurs by at least 10 dBc and effectively enables design complexity reduction in the supporting analog calibration circuitry.
ISSN:1549-8328
1558-0806
DOI:10.1109/TCSI.2012.2230496