Salinia revisited: a crystalline nappe sequence lying above the Nacimiento fault and dispersed along the San Andreas fault system, central California

• Published in: International geology review 2013-10, Vol.55 (13), p.1575-1615
• Main Authors: Hall, Clarence A., Saleeby, Jason B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Geological time; great valley sequence; Hosgri fault; Lying; Mountains; Nacimiento fault; Pastoria fault; Pilarcitos fault; Salinia; San Gregorio fault; San Simeon fault; Sur Series
• ISSN: 0020-6814; 1938-2839
• DOI: 10.1080/00206814.2013.825141

Salinia, as originally defined, is a fault-bounded terrane in westcentral California. As defined, Salinia lies between the Nacimiento fault on the west, and the Northern San Andreas fault (NSAF) and the main trace of the dextral SAF system on the east. This allochthonous terrane was translated from the southern part of the Sierra Nevada batholith and adjacent western Mojave Desert region by Neogene-Quaternary displacement along the SAF system. The Salina crystalline basement formed a westward promontory in the SW Cordilleran Cretaceous batholithic belt, relative to the Sierra Nevada batholith to the north and the Peninsular Ranges batholith to the south, making Salinia batholithic rocks susceptible to capture by the Pacific plate when the San Andreas transform system developed. Proper restoration of offsets on all branches of the San Andreas system is a critical factor in understanding the Salinia problem. When cumulative dextral slip of 171 km (106 mi) along the Hosgri-San Simeon-San Gregorio-Pilarcitos fault zone (S-N), or dextral slip of 200 km (124 mi) along the Hosgri-San Simeon-San Gregorio-Pilarcitos-northern San Andreas fault system, is added to the cumulative dextral slip of 315-322 km (196-200 mi) along the main trace of the SAF north of the San Emigdio-Tehachapi mountains, central California, there is a minimum amount of cumulative dextral slip of 486 km (302 mi) or a maximum amount of cumulative dextral slip of 522 km (324 mi) along the entire SAF system north of the Tehachapi Mountains. When these sums are compared with the offset distance (610-675 km or 379-420 mi) between the batholithic rocks associated with the Navarro structural discontinuity (NSD) in northern California, and those in the 'tail' of the southern Sierra Nevada granitic rocks in the San Emigdio-Tehachapi mountains, central California, a minimum deficit of from ∼100 km (∼62 mi) to a maximum deficit of ∼189 km (∼118 mi) is needed to restore the crystalline rocks associated with the NSD with the crystalline terranes within the San Emigdio and Tehachapi mountains - the enigma of Salinia. Two principal geologic models compete to explain the enigma (i.e. the discrepancy between measured dextral slip along traces of the SAF system and the amount of separation between the Sierra Nevada batholithic rocks near Point Arena in northern California and the Mesozoic and older crystalline rocks in the San Emigdio and Tehachapi mountains in southern California). (i) One model proposes pre-Ne