Current Perspectives on Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions

• Published in: Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012-03, Vol.59 (11), p.991-997
• Main Authors: Fefer, Paul, MD, Knudtson, Merril L., MD, Cheema, Asim N., MD, PhD, Galbraith, P. Diane, BN, MSc, Osherov, Azriel B., MD, Yalonetsky, Sergey, MD, Gannot, Sharon, BS, Samuel, Michelle, Weisbrod, Max, Bierstone, Daniel, Sparkes, John D., MSc, Wright, Graham A., PhD, Strauss, Bradley H., MD, PhD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cardiology; Cardiovascular; chronic total occlusion; coronary artery disease; Coronary vessels; Heart attacks; Internal Medicine; prevalence; revascularization; Studies; treatment
• ISSN: 0735-1097; 1558-3597
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.007

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) in current practice. Background There is little evidence in contemporary literature concerning the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment decisions regarding patients who have coronary CTOs identified during coronary angiography. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing nonurgent coronary angiography with CTO were prospectively identified at 3 Canadian sites from April 2008 to July 2009. Patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery or presenting with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were excluded. Detailed baseline clinical, angiographic, electrocardiographic, and revascularization data were collected. Results Chronic total occlusions were identified in 1,697 (18.4%) patients with significant coronary artery disease (>50% stenosis in ≥1 coronary artery) who were undergoing nonemergent angiography. Previous history of myocardial infarction was documented in 40% of study patients, with electrocardiographic evidence of Q waves corresponding to the CTO artery territory in only 26% of cases. Left ventricular function was normal in >50% of patients with CTO. Half the CTOs were located in the right coronary artery. Almost half the patients with CTO were treated medically, and 25% underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CTO bypassed in 88%). Percutaneous coronary intervention was done in 30% of patients, although CTO lesions were attempted in only 10% (with 70% success rate). Conclusions Chronic total occlusions are common in contemporary catheterization laboratory practice. Prospective studies are needed to ascertain the benefits of treatment strategies of these complex patients.